A trench fill foundation is essentially a deep strip foundation; a narrow trench is dug, with the width only slightly wider than the walls. The trench is filled with concrete to almost ground level. The advantage of a trench fill foundation is that because the trench is relatively narrow it reduces the level of earthworks and excavation time compared to strip foundations. This construction method is relatively safe, since the trench is…
Many people think that as long as there land beneath a building that it’s fine and you can put whatever you want on top of it. As years have gone by and scientists and engineers have been able to study different types of soil and their tendencies we have figured out that that is just not the case. The ground can be greatly different in characteristics in one spot than it is just a few feet away. That is why there must be cores drilled across the site of where large…
There are also some high level technical advances in the Fisher Building. One of the most unique features is the use of twenty-five foot piles under the foundations in order to accommodate the high pressure on the footings. This had never been done before until 1896 because normal buildings won’t reach a height of eighteen…
Soil is a non-homogenous blend of many materials. There are many factors that need to be considered when digging trenches in soil. To analyze the stability of unsupported trenches, the method selected will depend on the critical nature of the project, economics, and the amount of time available for design. For shallow utility line excavations, where time and economics are at a premium, a rapid technique for evaluating the critical depth and the maximum safe slope is required. The maximum safe slope is identified as the "angle of repose." The use of stability charts or tables coupled with a few simple equations is the most efficient approach.…
Why concrete? The main performance for this material is for the foundation to resist the load applied. This is very important as if it could not resist the load, the concrete foundation would break down and crumble and therefore would not be able to hold the materials above. The foundation must also be able to spread out the load over a bigger area as if it is not able to do this, the load will be applied to one area of the foundation only and that area will not be able to hold all of the load, which is why the load applied must be spread out over a bigger area.…
Soil Investigation: Prior to any foundation design or excavation work to take place, soil Geotechnical Investigation using process is carried out by a competent contractor, this to explore the surface and subsurface of each foundation. A CME-45B Truck Mounted Auger Drill is used retrieve soil samples, all samples are tested in an off-site laboratory. The truck operators are usually exposed to various types of…
A foundation is the base on which a building rests and its purpose is to safely transfer the load of a building to a suitable subsoil. High rise buildings are much massive and taller than low-rise building. Therefore, its foundation is necessary to be hard and stable so that can provide stability to the structure and prevent failure due to unequal settlement and failure of the subsoil due to shear.…
Evidence has shown that the collapsing of buildings are the biggest threat to human life and the economy, because of this, scientists in MEDCs are looking to improve buildings and infrastructure, making them more earthquake resistant. The main design in development is Aseismic designs, these buildings are designed to sway as the earth moves, are made of fire resistant materials and have deep and form foundations. One example of this type of design is the Trans-America Building in San Francisco, and the building withstood the Santa-Cruz earthquake in 1989, reading 7.1 on the Richter scale, this just shows how effective the design is at preventing…
it you fix it to a foundation of 3 to 5 feet deep and up to 4 to 10 feet…
All piers and excavations are required to have a 6 foot perimeter around the hole/excavation to prevent objects from falling inside the hole.…
deep, thus according to the table 7.2 for unstable soil, the choice is either 4’ or 2’ for the uprights horizontal spacing (uprights may be a solid “sheeting” or spaced from 2’ to 8’ apart to prevent cave-ins), as well as cross braces is either 4’ or 2’ for screw jacks of 2” STD or timbers of (6” x 6”) to hold either horizontal or vertical shoring members in place. Refer to the side table 7.1 and assume the width between (6”-8”) for house line, since it was not reported in the result investigation. However, the minimum number of the horizontal cross braces, either screw jacks or timbers, required for each pair of uprights shall be determined by the number of 4-foot zones or segment into which the depth of the trench may be divided, yet in no case shall be less than two cross braces or jacks. Further, pre planning will reduce the chance of an accident and protect people nearby work site and maintenance operator from falling into the excavation, and it will protect them from possible exposure of atmospheric hazards in the excavation as well (such as leaking gas lines or storage tanks) and define how maintenance operator will get in and out of the excavation safely. An excavation with a depth of 4 ft. or more must have a means for entering and exiting such as a stairway, ladder, or ramp that has a non-slip surfaces employees’ safety may depend on how…
Structure: The structure of the building varies with each area. There are 3 horizontal trays made up of reinforced concrete which form there three levels of the house. There are four piers, or bolsters anchored into a boulder underneath the main floor act as the fulcrum for the house. Counterbalancing weight to the back, or north side, of the house keep it from toppling into the stream. The cantilever, which is the long piece of concrete underneath the building is the basis for the entire structure.…
Each structure has its own performance that qualifies it for specific tasks, for example, concrete structures have advantage x, so this construction is mainly dependent on using concrete structure because of x feature. Happho (2016) pointed out that concrete and steel structures both have advantages in overall performance that make them two of the most important structures uses in civil engineering in many types of constructions. This is valid point since these advantages allow the constructions processes much easier to be handled for instance as for concrete structures no excessive maintenance is required in comparison to steel structures and it can tolerate high temperatures from fire for a long period of time without losing structural safety while for steel structures, less time to build than concrete structure, ease to expand the structure, wide range of joining methods like bolting and welding , they are more flexible than concrete that let them to have high dynamic forces resistance like wind or earthquake forces and they can take up both compression and tension forces . On the other side in real life there is nothing is perfect so there are disadvantages in performance for both structures. According to Happho (2016) and Madsen (2005), the two structures have some disadvantages that might delay the process of the constructions. The author has a point because these…
After some floods, the wood will be very soggy and weak which makes it not strong enough to hold the house. With this design there will be cement under and around the pillars (lower level of the pillars) and also for support and so the wood does not become soggy and weak.…
Terzaghi had developed the equation from model testing of a strip foundation, defining the depth of the foundation to be infinite relative to the width. One of the limitations with Terzaghi’s ultimate bearing capacity was adapting it to other situations. The equation did not take into account different shaped foundations, inclined loads and different depths of foundations. Some of the assumptions made by Terzaghi are incorrect and have not been dealt with. The assumption of a homogeneous soil is incorrect in the majority of cases and for my following experiment; the presence of bedrock does not fit in line with Terzaghi’s eqaution.…