David Shapiro's On The Psychology Of Self-Deception
In the passage “On the Psychology of Self-Deception”, David Shapiro explores the connection internal and external anxieties have with self-deception. Shapiro says certain speech can signal self-deception; the most common signal is non-communicative speech. Internal anxieties cause a speaker use to conversations to help strengthen self-deceptive thoughts instead of relaying a message or an idea to the listeners, resulting in non-commutative speech. Phrases that begin with, “I feel … I think … I know…” can signal non-communicative speech. Internal anxieties have the ability to cause people to think or do something they don’t want to do. According to Shapiro these self-deceptive tendencies, which are caused by internal anxieties, can warp how