Cultural Equivalence Model
The Cultural Equivalence Model predicts that "individuals should be equally accurate in understanding the emotions of in-group and out-group members" (Soto & Levenson, 2009). This model is rooted in Darwin’s (1872) evolutionary theory, where he noted that both humans and animals share similar postural expressions of emotions such as anger/aggression, happiness, and fear. These similarities support the evolution argument that social animals (including humans) have a natural ability to relay emotional signals with one another, a notion shared by several academics (Chevalier-Skolnik off, 1974; Linnan koski, Laasko, Aul-anko, & Leinonen, 1994).