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Article Title | Freeman, R. (1984). Stakeholder management: framework and philosophy. Strategic management: a stakeholder approach. Chapter 3, | Article Summary | The article introduced the concept of “stakeholders” – group and individual who affect, or are affected by , the achievement of an organization’s mission. The article then discussed how the stakeholder management framework can be used to better understand and manage both internal and external change and how the management philosophy which accompanies this framework fits into more customary way of thinking about organization. The author also discussed the concept of voluntarism in terms of how it can come hand in hand with the use of stakeholder concept in organizational management. | Introduction | The author used the definition of ‘any group or individual who can affect or it affected by the achievement of an organization’s purpose’ in defining the word ‘stakeholder’. This definition raises the need for processes and techniques to enhance the strategic management capability of organization. This lead to the discussion of three levels of understanding the process which an organization uses to manage the relationship with its stakeholder. | The literature review/discussion sections of the paper | The author used the definition of ‘any group or individual who can affect or it affected by the achievement of an organization’s purpose’ in defining the word ‘stakeholder’. This definition raises the need for processes and techniques to enhance the strategic management capability of organization. According to the author, there are at least three levels at which we must understand the process which an organization uses to manage the relationship with its stakeholder. First of all, we must understand from a rational perspective who are the stakeholders and what are the perceived stakes. Second, we must understand the organizational processes used to either implicitly or

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