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Coping Mechanism of Stress for Working Students

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Coping Mechanism of Stress for Working Students
Stress and Coping Theories
H. W. Krohnea a Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz Germany

Available online 2002.

Abstract
This article first presents two theories representing distinct approaches to the field of stress research: Selye 's theory of `systemic stress ' based in physiology and psychobiology, and the `psychological stress ' model developed by Lazarus. In the second part, the concept of coping is described. Coping theories may be classified according to two independent parameters: trait- oriented versus state-oriented, and microanalytic versus macroanalytic approaches. The multitude of theoretical conceptions is based on the macroanalytic, trait-oriented approach. Examples of this approach that are presented in this article are `repression–sensitization, ' `monitoring- blunting, ' and the `model of coping modes. ' The article closes with a brief outline of future perspectives in stress and coping research.

Article Outline
1. Theories of Stress 1.1. Systemic Stress: Selye 's Theory 1.2. Psychological Stress: The Lazarus Theory 1.3. Resource Theories of Stress: A Bridge between Systemic and Cognitive Viewpoints 2. Coping Theories 2.1. Classification of Approaches 2.2. Macroanalytic, Trait-Oriented Coping Theories 2.2.1. Repression–sensitization. 2.2.2. Monitoring and blunting. 2.2.3. The model of coping modes. 3. Future Perspectives References

For the last five decades the term stress has enjoyed increasing popularity in the behavioral and health sciences. It first was used in physics in order to analyze the problem of how manmade structures must be designed to carry heavy loadsand resist deformation by external focus. In this analysis, stress referred to external pressure or force applied to a structure, while strain denoted the resulting internal distortion of the object (for the term 's history, cf. Hinkle 1974, Mason 1975a, 1975c). In the transition from physics to the behavioral sciences, the

usage of the term stress changed. In



References: | PDF (532 K) Roth, S and Cohen, L J, (1986). Approach, avoidance, and coping with stress. American Psychologist, 41, pp. 813–819. Abstract-PsycINFO | Abstract-MEDLINE | $Order Document Scheier, M F and Carver, C S, (1992). Effects of optimism on psychological and physical well-being: Theoretical overview and empirical update. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 16, pp. 201–228. Abstract-PsycINFO | $Order Document Schwarzer, R and Leppin, A, (1991). Social support and health: A theoretical and empirical overview. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 8, pp. 99–127. Abstract-PsycINFO | $Order Document Schwarzer, R and Schwarzer, C, (1996). A critical survey of coping instruments. In M Zeidner and N S Endler (Eds), (1996). Handbook of Coping: Theory, Research, Applications (pp. 107–132). New York,: Wiley. Abstract-PsycINFO | $Order Document Selye, H, (1976). The Stress of Life (rev. edn.). New York: McGraw-Hill. Thoits, P A, (1983). Dimensions of life events that influence psychological distress: An evaluation and synthesis of the literature. In H B Kaplan (Ed), (1983). Psychosocial Stress: Trends in Theory and Research (pp. 33–103). New York,: Academic Press. M Zeidner and N S Endler (Eds), (1996). Handbook of Coping: Theory, Research, Applications New York: Wiley.

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