Systemic manifestations and Comorbidities of COPD It defines Comorbidities' existence of each disease entity separate addition, during the clinical course of a disease object office [1]. The presence of Comorbidities has prognostic value with respect to survival, but also compared with the functional state. As with other chronic diseases, the prevalence of Comorbidities in elderly COPD is extremely high, the severity of Comorbidities and their impact on the various health status of the patient and patient and in the same subject over time, potentially in that so influence the clinical picture and especially the results. The Cigarette smoking is the most important and best recognized risk factor for COPD, is also a major risk factor for other chronic diseases and neoplasm [2]. Comorbidities for COPD …show more content…
The effects of extra pulmonary COPD lead to Comorbidity conditions that aggravate the patient's health status and make it harder to treatment of the disease. In general, malnutrition, weight loss, osteoporosis, skeletal muscle abnormalities alterations hematologic,vision disorders are the systemic effects of COPD and its treatment. Indeed, given that COPD is characterized by an abnormal, excessive inflammatory response of the lung inhalation of irritating and toxic substances, particularly cigarette smoking, recently it has been much emphasized, especially in patients with more advanced COPD, the presence of an inflammation systemic alongside that pulmonary [2-5]. A demonstration of what dettoi blood levels of certain markers of inflammation Systemic - C-reactive protein, Fibrinogen, circulating leukocytes and tumor necrosis factor (TNFalpha) - are increased in patients with stable COPD compared to control subjects, as demonstrated in a systematic review and meta-analysis of 14 study 6. The inflammatory state Systemic could be the connecting element between COPD and conditions associated with it, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer,