Classical Approaches to Management
* Classical approaches to management include: * Scientific management * Administrative principles * Bureaucratic organization
* Scientific management (Frederick Taylor) * Develop rules of motion, standardized work implements, and proper working conditions for every job. * Carefully select workers with the right abilities for the job. * Carefully train workers and provide proper incentives. * Support workers by carefully planning their work and removing obstacles.
* Scientific management (the Gilbreths) * Motion study * Science of reducing a job or task to its basic physical motions. * Eliminating wasted motions improves performance.
* Administrative principles (Henri Fayol) — rules of management: * Foresight — to complete a plan of action for the future. * Organization — to provide and mobilize resources to implement the plan. * Command — to lead, select, and evaluate workers to get the best work toward the plan. * Coordination — to fit diverse efforts together and ensure information is shared and problems solved. * Control — to make sure things happen according to plan and to take necessary corrective action.
* Administrative principles (Henri Fayol) — key principles of management: * Scalar chain — there should be a clear and unbroken line of communication from the top to the bottom of the organization. * Unity of command — each person should receive orders from only one boss. * Unity of direction — one person should be in charge of all activities with the same performance objective.
* Administrative principles (Mary Parker Follett) * Groups and human cooperation: * Groups are mechanisms through which individuals can combine their talents for a greater good. * Organizations are cooperating “communities” of managers and workers. * Manager’s job is to help people in the
* Scientific management (Frederick Taylor) * Develop rules of motion, standardized work implements, and proper working conditions for every job. * Carefully select workers with the right abilities for the job. * Carefully train workers and provide proper incentives. * Support workers by carefully planning their work and removing obstacles.
* Scientific management (the Gilbreths) * Motion study * Science of reducing a job or task to its basic physical motions. * Eliminating wasted motions improves performance.
* Administrative principles (Henri Fayol) — rules of management: * Foresight — to complete a plan of action for the future. * Organization — to provide and mobilize resources to implement the plan. * Command — to lead, select, and evaluate workers to get the best work toward the plan. * Coordination — to fit diverse efforts together and ensure information is shared and problems solved. * Control — to make sure things happen according to plan and to take necessary corrective action.
* Administrative principles (Henri Fayol) — key principles of management: * Scalar chain — there should be a clear and unbroken line of communication from the top to the bottom of the organization. * Unity of command — each person should receive orders from only one boss. * Unity of direction — one person should be in charge of all activities with the same performance objective.
* Administrative principles (Mary Parker Follett) * Groups and human cooperation: * Groups are mechanisms through which individuals can combine their talents for a greater good. * Organizations are cooperating “communities” of managers and workers. * Manager’s job is to help people in the