Chapter 4: Cellular Metabolism Answer Key
Shier, Butler, and Lewis: Hole’s Human Anatomy and Physiology, 10th ed. Chapter 4: Cellular Metabolism
Chapter 4: Cellular Metabolism
I. Metabolic Processes
A. Introduction
1. Metabolism is the sum total of chemical reactions within cells.
2. In metabolic reactions, the product of one reaction serves as starting materials for another metabolic reaction.
3. This chapter explores how metabolic pathways supply a cell with energy and how other biochemical processes enable a cell to produce proteins.
4. Two types of metabolic reactions and pathways are anabolism and catabolism.
5. In anabolism, larger molecules are constructed from smaller ones.
6. In catabolism, larger molecules are broken down …show more content…
In cellular respiration some energy is lost as heat but almost half is captured in a form that the cell can use through the synthesis of ATP.
4. Aerobic reactions are different from anaerobic reactions in that they require oxygen.
5. For each glucose molecule that is decomposed by cellular respiration, up to 38 ATP molecules are produced.
6. All but two ATPs are formed by the aerobic processes.
B. ATP Molecules
1. The three main parts of an ATP molecule are an adenine, a ribose, and three phosphates in a chain.
2. The third phosphate of ATP is attached by a high-energy bond.
3. When the terminal phosphate bond of ATP is broken, energy is released.
4. Energy from the breakdown of ATP powers cellular work such as skeletal muscle contraction, active transport across cell membranes, or secretion.
5. An ATP molecule that loses its terminal phosphate becomes ADP.
6. ADP has two phosphates.
7. ATP can be resynthesized from an ADP by the process called phosphorylation. 8. Without enough ATP, cells quickly die.
C. Glycolysis
1. Glycolysis is a series of ten enzymes-catalyzed reactions that break down the 6-carbon glucose molecule into two 3-carbon pyruvic acid molecules.
2. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm.
3. Glycolysis is referred to as the anaerobic phase of
Chapter 4: Cellular Metabolism
I. Metabolic Processes
A. Introduction
1. Metabolism is the sum total of chemical reactions within cells.
2. In metabolic reactions, the product of one reaction serves as starting materials for another metabolic reaction.
3. This chapter explores how metabolic pathways supply a cell with energy and how other biochemical processes enable a cell to produce proteins.
4. Two types of metabolic reactions and pathways are anabolism and catabolism.
5. In anabolism, larger molecules are constructed from smaller ones.
6. In catabolism, larger molecules are broken down …show more content…
In cellular respiration some energy is lost as heat but almost half is captured in a form that the cell can use through the synthesis of ATP.
4. Aerobic reactions are different from anaerobic reactions in that they require oxygen.
5. For each glucose molecule that is decomposed by cellular respiration, up to 38 ATP molecules are produced.
6. All but two ATPs are formed by the aerobic processes.
B. ATP Molecules
1. The three main parts of an ATP molecule are an adenine, a ribose, and three phosphates in a chain.
2. The third phosphate of ATP is attached by a high-energy bond.
3. When the terminal phosphate bond of ATP is broken, energy is released.
4. Energy from the breakdown of ATP powers cellular work such as skeletal muscle contraction, active transport across cell membranes, or secretion.
5. An ATP molecule that loses its terminal phosphate becomes ADP.
6. ADP has two phosphates.
7. ATP can be resynthesized from an ADP by the process called phosphorylation. 8. Without enough ATP, cells quickly die.
C. Glycolysis
1. Glycolysis is a series of ten enzymes-catalyzed reactions that break down the 6-carbon glucose molecule into two 3-carbon pyruvic acid molecules.
2. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm.
3. Glycolysis is referred to as the anaerobic phase of