ch-1,Schools of Thought in Management
Schools of Thought in
Management
Why knowledge of the evolution of management theories is important to managers • Contributions in management came from intellectuals with widely different backgrounds, so no unified theory of management • So over a period of time, various approaches for managerial analysis have been developed
• These approaches are widely known as approaches/patterns/schools of management thought Time Line of Management Thought
3
Classical Management Theory
It arose because of the need to increase productivity and efficiency. A theory that focused on finding the “one best way” to perform and manage tasks
• Classical Scientific School : Focused on the manufacturing environment
• Classical Administrative School : Emphasized the flow of information and how organizations should operate • It developed during the Industrial Revolution when new problems related to the factory system began to appear. Managers were unsure of how to train employees (many of them non-English speaking immigrants) or deal with increased labor dissatisfaction, so they began to test solutions Classical Scientific School
1. Charles Babbage
• In 1832, published On “the Economy of Machinery and
Manufactures”
• Concluded that definite management principles existed:
– with broad applications
– determined by experience
• Principle of “the division of labor amongst the persons who perform the work”
2. Frederick W. Taylor
• The Father of Scientific Management
• Pursued four key goals:
–
–
–
–
Develop a science of management
Select workers scientifically
Develop and train workers scientifically
Create cooperation and group harmony between management and labor – Achieve maximum outputs
• Determined the quickest ways to perform tasks
• His primary concern was to raise productivity through greater efficiency in production & increased pay for workers, by applying scientific method
As an example,
• In 1898,
Management
Why knowledge of the evolution of management theories is important to managers • Contributions in management came from intellectuals with widely different backgrounds, so no unified theory of management • So over a period of time, various approaches for managerial analysis have been developed
• These approaches are widely known as approaches/patterns/schools of management thought Time Line of Management Thought
3
Classical Management Theory
It arose because of the need to increase productivity and efficiency. A theory that focused on finding the “one best way” to perform and manage tasks
• Classical Scientific School : Focused on the manufacturing environment
• Classical Administrative School : Emphasized the flow of information and how organizations should operate • It developed during the Industrial Revolution when new problems related to the factory system began to appear. Managers were unsure of how to train employees (many of them non-English speaking immigrants) or deal with increased labor dissatisfaction, so they began to test solutions Classical Scientific School
1. Charles Babbage
• In 1832, published On “the Economy of Machinery and
Manufactures”
• Concluded that definite management principles existed:
– with broad applications
– determined by experience
• Principle of “the division of labor amongst the persons who perform the work”
2. Frederick W. Taylor
• The Father of Scientific Management
• Pursued four key goals:
–
–
–
–
Develop a science of management
Select workers scientifically
Develop and train workers scientifically
Create cooperation and group harmony between management and labor – Achieve maximum outputs
• Determined the quickest ways to perform tasks
• His primary concern was to raise productivity through greater efficiency in production & increased pay for workers, by applying scientific method
As an example,
• In 1898,