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Caso Harvard: Chile: the Latin American Tiger?.

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Caso Harvard: Chile: the Latin American Tiger?.
MATERIA: ENTORNO ECONÓMICO
Caso Harvard: Chile: The Latin American Tiger?.
EQUIPO 14

Introducción

“La principal ventaja del comercio internacional es que amplía los horizontes comerciales.” (Samuelson, Economía) Por ello, la capacidad de negociación de un país tiene un rol fundamental para que éste pueda formar parte de otros mercados y unirse en tratados comerciales con otras naciones. Para todos los países, el comercio internacional les posibilita expandir su frontera de posibilidades de producción, hacer más eficiente su economía, crecer más allá de un mercado interno y obtener beneficios al concentrarse en sus áreas de ventaja comparativa.

“Durante los últimos treinta años, la política del Estado chileno se ha orientado a lograr la máxima apertura posible del comercio mediante la estrategia, primero, de apertura unilateral y luego de ‘regionalismo abierto’.” (Géminis consultores, http://www.gemines.cl) Como ejemplo podemos citar que “las compras mexicanas de productos chilenos representaron 0.6% del valor total de las importaciones de México. De esta forma, Chile participó con 0.4% del comercio total de México durante 2003.” (Secretaría de Economía de México, http://www.economia.gob.mx)

[pic]

A continuación se presenta un grafico con las exportaciones e importaciones de Chile desde el año 1980 hasta el 2004, que demuestra que la política comercial chilena ha sido exitosa:

[pic]
FUENTE: CEPAL. Anuario Estadístico 2005. http://www.eclac.org

1. De las tres opciones de integración económica (NAFTA, MERCOSUR, acuerdos bilaterales), ¿Cuál es la más ventajosa para Chile? Justifique su respuesta.

Chile se ha unido a diversos países en tratados bilaterales, tiene acuerdos con el bloque comercial del MERCOSUR y ha tenido varias conversaciones para integrarse al NAFTA pero no se ha concretado su membresía. A continuación se analizan las tres opciones para el país y se define cuál es la más viable.

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

El North American

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