However, there were other great achievement that transpired within their empire that was also responsible for their success and survival for that long. They invented the “Greek Fire” which is equivalent to the modern day flamethrower. This was used for the protection from the Arabs in 678 and was also used in sea and land warfare for centuries. Another great achievement of the Byzantium was the preservation and learning of the old Roman Empire and culture. Moreover, how can we forget about the “Justinian’s Law’ that really form the backbone of Byzantine legal system from there on, and was the stepping stone of law in the modern era for almost every European nation. The medical development was far more advanced than that of western Europeans, but they still was incapable in handling of the disease that killed thousands known as “The Justinian plague”. Nevertheless, their study in science and medicine revolutionized Europe and the Arabic…
As shown in document 5, Justinian built the Hippodrome which was modeled after The Circus Maximus. Justinian started restoring the Roman Empire by trying to conquer the land that first belonged to the eastern Roman Empire. He gained back southern Spain, all of Italy, and northern Africa. Once he started gaining all this land he had to start to find a way the gain back all the money he spent on conquering land. As shown in document 6, The Byzantine Empire reached its greatest size under Justinian. Because of the location the Constantinople, Justinian had a great advantage because it was right in the center of two cross roads between Asia and Europe, so the empire gained a lot of money in trade because if its location. Because of all these advantages of Constantinople, it was known as the center of…
He tells his audience that Justinian is a ruthless leader, “who was far too ready to listen to false accusations and quick to inflict punishment”. Through Procopius’ biased opinion of Justinian, we see not the great Emperor, but an almost demonic character, one that comes from peasant parents of barbarian descent. However, Procopius describes Justinian as “extremely simple with no more sense than a donkey, ready to follow anyone who pulls its rein, waving its ears all the time”. Definitely not the kind of character you would expect to find as an elite of the Byzantine Empire, let alone it’s Emperor. He continues on to tell his audience that if you added up all the calamities which had happened to the Romans for all time, and you weighed them against those with which Justinian was responsible, you would find that “a greater slaughter of human beings was brought about by this one man than took place in all the preceding centuries”. Procopius wanted his audience to know that Justinian was a corrupt tyrant. He committed many horrible evil deeds against humankind, from sweeping away established customs, looting households of wealthy people, to the murder of “thousands of thousands of…
The development of christianity under the empire undoubtedly changed the relation between the political and spiritual spheres in following centuries. In fact, this transpires in how often emperors and empresses played dominant roles in the Eastern church after Constantine I's reign. In many instances, the Christian religion turned out to be a valuable political tool, and overall it was a major factor in spreading Byzantine cultural influence. The respective reigns of Emperors Constantine I, Theodosius I, Justinian/Theodora, Heraclius, Leo III, Irene, Basil I and Basil II illustrate this idea.…
He was born at Naissus, Moesia on February on the year 272 A.D. Constantine’s full name is Flavius Valerius Constantinus. Constantine was educated in Greek and Latin. He had a rough childhood, mostly because his dad left Helena, Constantine’s mom, and Constantine at a very young age. He grew up to be a very prospering and amazing emperor.…
The Byzantine Empire developed Caesaropapism and a strong government bureaucracy. Caesaropapism was a system of ruling where the emperor had absolute secular power as well as managing ecclesiastical affairs. Justinian and his wife developed a code…
Empress Theodora, wife of Justinian the Great, was one of the most powerful women ever known to Byzantine history. She rose from the humblest of beginnings to become one of the most influential and great of individuals. As Justinian wrote in one of his laws, she was “our most pious consort given us by God.” As a result of her reverence for God, she understood how to rule the empire in such a way that reflected who she had been given authority from. She sought to shape the reforms of Justinian and to defend the rights of women, as well as to back Justinian up in every way possible, which is evident in the role she played in saving Justinian’s empire during the Nika Revolt. Because of the way she handled political affairs in Justinian’s empire, it can be said that she, being a very powerful and influential individual, ruled the Empire rather than Justinian.…
Justinian is in the center of the art and more up front than other. This shows us the religious, administrative and military authority the Emperor has. He is between the power of the church and the imperial administration and army. He wears a crown and a purple imperial robe. On his left side are members of the clergy and Bishop Maximianus of Ravenna who was responsible for San Vitales completion. On his right are members of the imperial administration which we can see by their purple stripe, then at the far left side are a group of soldiers. We can see that the Emperor saw himself as the defender of Christian Faith and felt his duty was to establish the faith…
ln the space provided, answer the questions that follow each document. (continued) D ocument-B ase Globll History d Assessment for 36 @ 1999, 2007 Walch Publishing Date Name DBQ 5: BYZANTINE EMPIRE UNDER JUSTINIAN Document L…
Byzantium, on the other hand, was a culture that was a continuation of the Roman empire that began in 324CE. Christianity was the official religion which was central to the identity of many of the empire’s inhabitants, which in turn influenced art. Although Byzantine inhabitants inherited Roman culture and called themselves Romans, much of their culture was aligned with Greek culture, especially evident in the fact that their language was Greek and not Latin like Romans. Like many transitioning states, the Byzantine empire went through stages of ups and downs as the empire expanded. The empire reached its peak, however, when Justinian was in power. His reign, from 527 to 565CE, is known as Byzantium’s golden age. In this time, Justinian successfully…
One of the Byzantine Empire’s greatest emperors was Justinian I or Justinian the Great. He conquered almost all of the land previously occupied by the Roman Empire, built the magnificent church the Hagia Sophia, and wrote Justinian’s Code. Justinian had assistant accomplishing these things from his wife, Empress Theodora. Most Byzantine Empresses took an active part in governing the empire, but none more so than Theodora. While Justinian was commanding the army or working on a project, Theodora took charge of much of the day to day business. She also improved women’s rights and abolished some unfair laws against them. A few Byzantine Empresses ruled alone, although the vast majority ruled with either their husband or son. The first Empress to rule alone was Empress Irene, who ruled independently from 797 to 802 after briefly being co-emperor with her husband and murdering her son. Unfortunately, Empress Irene proved to be a disastrous empress, almost bankrupting the empire, and was exiled to the island of Lesbos after people rebelled against her. Another great emperor was Basil…
When the western Roman Empire descended into chaos in 500 C.E. much of the Roman culture on the west side was lost, while the Eastern empire survived and preserved much of the surviving Roman Culture, but changed it’s name to the “Byzantine Empire,” showing individuality in many aspects between Rome and Byzantine.…
Charlemagne – was the king that tried to resurrect the Roman Empire. The pope crowned Charlemagne king. He wanted his capital to be like Rome. He encouraged Latin learning throughout the empire to make it more consistent. He set up schools even thought he himself could not write. He helped the church spread Christianity. He blended Germanic, Roman, and Christian ideas.…
The Emperor Constantine I was the sole ruler of the Roman world between 324 and 337 A.D. His reign was one of the most crucial of all the emperors in determining the future course of western civilization. By making Christianity the religious foundation of his domain, he set the religious course for the future of Europe which remains in place to this very day. Because he replaced Rome with Constantinople as the center of imperial power, he made it clear that the city of Rome was no longer the center of power and he also set the stage for the Middle Ages. His view of monarchy became the foundation for the concept of the divine right of kings.…
He was the most celebrated emperor of the Byzantine Empire. With his wife Theodora crowned empress and co-ruler, who was proven to be invaluable to the team, Justinian was able to stand his ground when a riot broke out in Constantinople. He was known as” the Sleepless Emperor” and was determined to reunify the Roman Empire. He created a large army and was able to take over quite a bit of land. Justinian was able to partially achieve his goal of restoring what had been the entire Roman Empire, decades of fighting against the Germanic people and the Persian Empire proved to be costly, both money and human. “To make matters worse, a plague epidemic that began in North Africa reached the Byzantine Empire in 541 CE, further weakening an already troubled economy. Upon the death of Justinian, an exhausted Byzantine Empire lost all previously gained territory to the very peoples from whom they had taken it” (Acrobatiq, 2014). After Justinian’s death no successors could finish his…