BIGNAY (Antidesma bunius) LEAVES AS A REMEDY FOR URINARY TRACK INFECTIONS

I- Abstract:
Urinary tract infections are a serious health problem affecting millions of people each year. Infections of the urinary tract are the second most common type of infection in the body. Women are especially prone to UTIs for reasons that are not yet well understood. One woman in five develops a UTI during her lifetime. UTIs in men are not as common as in women but can be very serious when they do occur.
This research project shows that we can produce a herbal medicine out of Bignay leaves for Urinary tract infections. That we can produce this particular medicine with limited financial cost and little of our time. Because this particular remedy are made of natural leaves extract from bignay, (antidesma bunius), it is safe to use. The leaves extract of this leaves has a cytotoxic properties, which could help for person with urinary track infections and other intestinal problems.

INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
With the world now facing global recession, economy is always a big issue. Government spend considerable amount of money to solve it, but what do you think is a possible easiest way to prevent this crisis? During this crisis, health is always a wealth. But sometimes health related problems cannot be avoided, and medicine are not cheap. But there are always another side of the story, good news is that the use of herbal supplements for medicinal purposes has increase dramatically over the past years. If used correctly, many herbs are considered safer than conventional medication.
The researchers tried to create herbal remedy for Urinary Track Infection using the extract of the natural leaf of Bignay, antidesma bunius as scientific name, that contains cytotoxicity to help person with urinary track infections.
B. Statement of the problem:
This study sought to answer the following problems:
1. Can herbal medicine be produce out of the extract of the natural leaves of bignay for a person with urinary track infection?
2. Is the herbal medicine safe to use?
3. What are the components of bignay extract that contains enzyme that can help a person with urinary track infections.

C. Hypothesis:
1. We can produce a herbal medicine out of extract of the natural leaves of bignay for a person with urinary tract infections.
2. The herbal medicine is safe to use.
3. Cytotoxicity can help a person with urinary track infections and the leaf of bignay contains it.

D. Significance of the Study:
Herbal medicine for person with urinary track infections at a limited financial cost and little of our time can be made easily. Since, bignay tree is available in the locality and in neighborhood, people can produce herbal medicine for urinary track infections, instead of buying some expensive commercial medicine for that particularly sickness. This research is designed to help anybody to cure urinary track infections.
E. Scope and Delimitation:
1. This study used only natural leaves of bignay as the herbal medicine.
2. This is only produced to have a herbal medicine for urinary track infections.

F. Review of Related Literature:
Urinary Track Infection (UTI) as defined by the Wikipedia.org is a bacterial infection that affects any part of the urinary track. Although urine contains a variety of fluids, salts, and waste products, it usually does not have a bacteria in it. When a bacteria get into bladder or kidney and multiply in the urine, they cause a UTI. The most common type of UTI is a bladder infection which also often called cystitis. Another kind of UTI is a kidney infection, known as pyelonephritis, and is much more serious.
According to the National Kidney and Urolagic Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NKUDIK), Urinary Track Infections are serious health problem affecting millions of people each year. Infections of the urinary tract are the second most common type of infection in the body. Urinary tract infections account for about 8.3 million doctor visit each year. Women are specially prone to UTIs for reasons that are not yet well understood. One woman in five develops a UTI during her lifetime. UTIs in men are not as common as in women but an be very serious when they occur.
What are the causes of UTI?
Normally, urine is sterile. It is usually free of bacteria, viruses, and fungi but does contain fluids, salts, and waste products. An infection occurs when tiny organisms usually bacteria from the digestive tract cling to the opening of the urethra and begin to multiply. Most infections arise from one type of bacteria, Escherichia coli (E. coli), which normally lives in the colon. Microorganisms called Chlamydia and Mycoplasma may also cause UTIs in both men and women, but these infections tend to remain limited to the urethra and reproductive system.
What is risk? Some people are more prone to getting a UTI than others. People with diabetes have a higher risk of UTI because of changes in the immune system. Any other disorder that suppresses the immune system raises the risk of urinary infection. UTIs may occur in infants, both boys and girls, who are born with abnormalities of the urinary tract, which sometimes need to be corrected with surgery. UTIs are more rare in boys and young men. In adult women though, the rate of UTIs gradually increase with age.
Health Benefits and Uses of Bignay
Bignay or Antidesmabunius is a sour edible fruit but often neglected because of its small size. The fruits come in bunches like grapes but this bignay has the size of a toy pellet gun bullet. The seeds are big in proportion to fruit size. (Marvin: 2010) This small fruit has the following health and food uses.
The popular product for bignay is wine. Jam and juice can also be made out of bignay. Added to dish as flavorings. Young leaves can be eaten together with rice.
A very good source of calcium and id fair in iron.
Young leaves are boiled and taken as treatment for syphilitic affections. Syphilis is common venereal disease caused by the treponemapallidum spirochete; symptoms change through progressive stages; can be congenital (transmitted through the placenta).
Bark for medication should be used with caution. It contain toxic substance.
Food Value Per 100 g of Edible Portion( Analysis made in Florida and the Philippines, purdue.edu)
Moisture = 91.11-94.80 g
Protein = 0.75 g
Ash = 0.57-0.78 g
Calcium = 0.12 mg
Phosphorus = 0.04 mg
Iron = 0.001 mg
Thiamine = 0.031 mg
Riboflavin = 0.072 mg
Niacin = 0.53 mg
METHODOLOGY
A. Materials and Methods
Materials and equipment to be used:
• Bowl/ Glass
• Bignay leaves
• Spoon

B. Procedures
Prepare all the materials needed. Wash the leaves of bignay. Then put 20 pieces of leaves into a cooking pot with 3 glasses of drinking water. When the original amount of water is reduced to one third, remove it on fire and allow it to cool, this is now called the decoction. Put the decoction into a pre-washed bottle. Drink it three times a day, after every meal.
C. Process Flow

D. Statistical Treatment

E. Budgetary Estimate

None

RESULT AND DISCUSSION
A. Findings
Table 1
Taste of Bignay Decoction Observation

Pure decoction Sour
With water Less sour with sugar Sweet

B. Discussion of Results
According to the table above, it shows that the pure bignay (antidesma bunius) decoction has a sour taste, and it will taste less sour if you add water, and if you want it to be easily swallowed, then, you can add some sugar.

I- Abstract:
Urinary tract infections are a serious health problem affecting millions of people each year. Infections of the urinary tract are the second most common type of infection in the body. Women are especially prone to UTIs for reasons that are not yet well understood. One woman in five develops a UTI during her lifetime. UTIs in men are not as common as in women but can be very serious when they do occur.
This research project shows that we can produce a herbal medicine out of Bignay leaves for Urinary tract infections. That we can produce this particular medicine with limited financial cost and little of our time. Because this particular remedy are made of natural leaves extract from bignay, (antidesma bunius), it is safe to use. The leaves extract of this leaves has a cytotoxic properties, which could help for person with urinary track infections and other intestinal problems.

INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the Study
With the world now facing global recession, economy is always a big issue. Government spend considerable amount of money to solve it, but what do you think is a possible easiest way to prevent this crisis? During this crisis, health is always a wealth. But sometimes health related problems cannot be avoided, and medicine are not cheap. But there are always another side of the story, good news is that the use of herbal supplements for medicinal purposes has increase dramatically over the past years. If used correctly, many herbs are considered safer than conventional medication.
The researchers tried to create herbal remedy for Urinary Track Infection using the extract of the natural leaf of Bignay, antidesma bunius as scientific name, that contains cytotoxicity to help person with urinary track infections.
B. Statement of the problem:
This study sought to answer the following problems:
1. Can herbal medicine be produce out of the extract of the natural leaves of bignay for a person with urinary track infection?
2. Is the herbal medicine safe to use?
3. What are the components of bignay extract that contains enzyme that can help a person with urinary track infections.

C. Hypothesis:
1. We can produce a herbal medicine out of extract of the natural leaves of bignay for a person with urinary tract infections.
2. The herbal medicine is safe to use.
3. Cytotoxicity can help a person with urinary track infections and the leaf of bignay contains it.

D. Significance of the Study:
Herbal medicine for person with urinary track infections at a limited financial cost and little of our time can be made easily. Since, bignay tree is available in the locality and in neighborhood, people can produce herbal medicine for urinary track infections, instead of buying some expensive commercial medicine for that particularly sickness. This research is designed to help anybody to cure urinary track infections.
E. Scope and Delimitation:
1. This study used only natural leaves of bignay as the herbal medicine.
2. This is only produced to have a herbal medicine for urinary track infections.

F. Review of Related Literature:
Urinary Track Infection (UTI) as defined by the Wikipedia.org is a bacterial infection that affects any part of the urinary track. Although urine contains a variety of fluids, salts, and waste products, it usually does not have a bacteria in it. When a bacteria get into bladder or kidney and multiply in the urine, they cause a UTI. The most common type of UTI is a bladder infection which also often called cystitis. Another kind of UTI is a kidney infection, known as pyelonephritis, and is much more serious.
According to the National Kidney and Urolagic Diseases Information Clearinghouse (NKUDIK), Urinary Track Infections are serious health problem affecting millions of people each year. Infections of the urinary tract are the second most common type of infection in the body. Urinary tract infections account for about 8.3 million doctor visit each year. Women are specially prone to UTIs for reasons that are not yet well understood. One woman in five develops a UTI during her lifetime. UTIs in men are not as common as in women but an be very serious when they occur.
What are the causes of UTI?
Normally, urine is sterile. It is usually free of bacteria, viruses, and fungi but does contain fluids, salts, and waste products. An infection occurs when tiny organisms usually bacteria from the digestive tract cling to the opening of the urethra and begin to multiply. Most infections arise from one type of bacteria, Escherichia coli (E. coli), which normally lives in the colon. Microorganisms called Chlamydia and Mycoplasma may also cause UTIs in both men and women, but these infections tend to remain limited to the urethra and reproductive system.
What is risk? Some people are more prone to getting a UTI than others. People with diabetes have a higher risk of UTI because of changes in the immune system. Any other disorder that suppresses the immune system raises the risk of urinary infection. UTIs may occur in infants, both boys and girls, who are born with abnormalities of the urinary tract, which sometimes need to be corrected with surgery. UTIs are more rare in boys and young men. In adult women though, the rate of UTIs gradually increase with age.
Health Benefits and Uses of Bignay
Bignay or Antidesmabunius is a sour edible fruit but often neglected because of its small size. The fruits come in bunches like grapes but this bignay has the size of a toy pellet gun bullet. The seeds are big in proportion to fruit size. (Marvin: 2010) This small fruit has the following health and food uses.
The popular product for bignay is wine. Jam and juice can also be made out of bignay. Added to dish as flavorings. Young leaves can be eaten together with rice.
A very good source of calcium and id fair in iron.
Young leaves are boiled and taken as treatment for syphilitic affections. Syphilis is common venereal disease caused by the treponemapallidum spirochete; symptoms change through progressive stages; can be congenital (transmitted through the placenta).
Bark for medication should be used with caution. It contain toxic substance.
Food Value Per 100 g of Edible Portion( Analysis made in Florida and the Philippines, purdue.edu)
Moisture = 91.11-94.80 g
Protein = 0.75 g
Ash = 0.57-0.78 g
Calcium = 0.12 mg
Phosphorus = 0.04 mg
Iron = 0.001 mg
Thiamine = 0.031 mg
Riboflavin = 0.072 mg
Niacin = 0.53 mg
METHODOLOGY
A. Materials and Methods
Materials and equipment to be used:
• Bowl/ Glass
• Bignay leaves
• Spoon

B. Procedures
Prepare all the materials needed. Wash the leaves of bignay. Then put 20 pieces of leaves into a cooking pot with 3 glasses of drinking water. When the original amount of water is reduced to one third, remove it on fire and allow it to cool, this is now called the decoction. Put the decoction into a pre-washed bottle. Drink it three times a day, after every meal.
C. Process Flow

D. Statistical Treatment

E. Budgetary Estimate

None

RESULT AND DISCUSSION
A. Findings
Table 1
Taste of Bignay Decoction Observation

Pure decoction Sour
With water Less sour with sugar Sweet

B. Discussion of Results
According to the table above, it shows that the pure bignay (antidesma bunius) decoction has a sour taste, and it will taste less sour if you add water, and if you want it to be easily swallowed, then, you can add some sugar.