Bhopal gas tragedy
RISK ASSESMENT
BHOPAL DISASTER CASE STUDY
BHOPAL DISASTER CASE STUDY
Table of contents 1-List of figures 2 2-Difficulty of this case study 3 3-Introduction 5
4-The prevent condition 7
5-What is Methyl Isocyanate 9
6-Effects of exposing to the gas 10
6.1 –Side effects of inhaling Methyl Isocyanate 10
6.2-Sociactal effects 10 7- Exothermic reaction of Methyl Isocyanta with water and with itself 12 8- Safety features12 12 8.1- Tank safety features 12 8.2- After tank safety process 13 9- Early warnings 15 10- Contributing factors 16 11- Working conditions 16 12- Equipment and safety regulations 17 13 –The accident 19 14- Direct reasons caused the failure of system precautions. 21 15- How did water enter the tank? 21 15.1-Human error 22 15.2-Sabotage 23 16- Event tree diagram 26 17-Risk Analysis 27 18- Fault tree diagram 28 19-Conclusions 30 20- Lessons learned 31 21- Bhopal’s impact on chemical industry 32 22- References 32
1-List of figures
1- Difficulty of this case study 4
2- Location of Bhopal In India 5
3-The area affected by gas 6
4-Victims 7
5-Posted about the green revolution enhance by Union Carbide in India 8
6-Victims and dead animals 9
7-Effects of inhaling MIC 11
8-Flowsheet of mitigation process 14
9- Mitigation process 20
10- Description of the human error theory 22
11-Description of sabotage theory 24
12- Lost information between scientific investigators and politicians. 25
13- Event tree diagram of Bhopal disaster 26
14-Risk analysis 27
15-Fault tree diagram 28
2-Difficulty of this case study
This case study is a trial to collect and analyse information from several
BHOPAL DISASTER CASE STUDY
BHOPAL DISASTER CASE STUDY
Table of contents 1-List of figures 2 2-Difficulty of this case study 3 3-Introduction 5
4-The prevent condition 7
5-What is Methyl Isocyanate 9
6-Effects of exposing to the gas 10
6.1 –Side effects of inhaling Methyl Isocyanate 10
6.2-Sociactal effects 10 7- Exothermic reaction of Methyl Isocyanta with water and with itself 12 8- Safety features12 12 8.1- Tank safety features 12 8.2- After tank safety process 13 9- Early warnings 15 10- Contributing factors 16 11- Working conditions 16 12- Equipment and safety regulations 17 13 –The accident 19 14- Direct reasons caused the failure of system precautions. 21 15- How did water enter the tank? 21 15.1-Human error 22 15.2-Sabotage 23 16- Event tree diagram 26 17-Risk Analysis 27 18- Fault tree diagram 28 19-Conclusions 30 20- Lessons learned 31 21- Bhopal’s impact on chemical industry 32 22- References 32
1-List of figures
1- Difficulty of this case study 4
2- Location of Bhopal In India 5
3-The area affected by gas 6
4-Victims 7
5-Posted about the green revolution enhance by Union Carbide in India 8
6-Victims and dead animals 9
7-Effects of inhaling MIC 11
8-Flowsheet of mitigation process 14
9- Mitigation process 20
10- Description of the human error theory 22
11-Description of sabotage theory 24
12- Lost information between scientific investigators and politicians. 25
13- Event tree diagram of Bhopal disaster 26
14-Risk analysis 27
15-Fault tree diagram 28
2-Difficulty of this case study
This case study is a trial to collect and analyse information from several
References: 1-. Peterson.M.J, “Bhopal Plant Disaster – Situation Summary,” Science, Technology & Society Initiative,. University of Massachusetts Amherst, 2009. 14 2- Basha.O, Alajmy.J , Newaz.T.The Bhopal gas Tragedy: A safety case study http://repository.qatar.tamu.edu/bitstream/handle/1969.2/256/CHEN 455 Bhopal 2009 presentation.pdf?sequence=1 3-Lectures of the (Chemical Process safety course) in UWO CBE 9173L 001 GS13 4- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhopal_disaster 5-. Labib.A and R. Champaneri, “The Bhopal Disaster - learning from failures and evaluating risk” http://www.maintenanceonline.org/maintenanceonline/content_images/Pages%2041,%2042,%2043,%2044,%2045,%2046,%2047.pdf 6- Kurzman,D, A Killing Wind: Inside Union Carbide and the Bhopal Catastrophe (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1987). 7- Willey, R.J., 1998, Slide Package: The Bhopal Disaster, prepared for SACHE. (Safety and Chemical Engineering Education) as a product of the AIChE-CCPS, 8- A. S West, Hendershot.D, Murphy. J. F., and Willey. R, “Bhopal’s Impact on the Chemical Industry,” Process Safety Progress, (Dec. 2004), 23(4): 229–230.