Bee Bread Research Paper
The result of this study showed that bee bread extract has a protective effect in aluminum induced anemia and it significantly ameliorates hepato-renal toxicity and reduces the elevated CRP level and monocytes and leukocytes counts encountered after aluminum exposure. Aluminum alone caused significant anemia, elevation of BUN, CRP, leukocytes and monocytes counts and liver enzymes, ALT and AST, and deceased creatinine clearance.
Chemical analysis and antioxidant study showed that it contains fat, protein, fiber, carbohydrate, phenol and flavonoids, and it exhibited antioxidant activity. Studies have shown that bee bread is composed of 18.0% water, 7.79 g/100g total lipid, and 93.96% carbohydrates and the main fatty acids in bee bread are arachidonic …show more content…
It has no effect on SCr. The elevation of BUN might be due to renal injury or other mechanisms. Liver synthesizes urea and during liver injury low BUN is encountered. Therefore, the real mechanism of increasing BUN in setting of liver injury is not clearly identified. However, other studies showed that aluminum chloride increases both BUN and SCr [11,13, 18, 20]. In present study aluminum chloride was used for 28 days while the other studies use aluminum for longer period of time. This might explain why there was no change in serum creatinine in the present study. Recently, it was found that aluminum chloride administered for 40 days increases BUN and SCr and decreases urine volume and creatinine clearance [20]. This was accompanied by increased renal OS and inflammation. This is in agreement with our findings that aluminum decreases creatinine clearance. Another study showed that aluminum chloride used for eight weeks in rats causes elevation of BUN and SCr [11]. We have found that honey has reno-protective effect in acute blood loss, CCI4 toxicity and lead toxicity [42,43,47]. It also improved renal function in normal individuals which has been suggested due to increase nitric oxide and decreasing prostaglandins
Chemical analysis and antioxidant study showed that it contains fat, protein, fiber, carbohydrate, phenol and flavonoids, and it exhibited antioxidant activity. Studies have shown that bee bread is composed of 18.0% water, 7.79 g/100g total lipid, and 93.96% carbohydrates and the main fatty acids in bee bread are arachidonic …show more content…
It has no effect on SCr. The elevation of BUN might be due to renal injury or other mechanisms. Liver synthesizes urea and during liver injury low BUN is encountered. Therefore, the real mechanism of increasing BUN in setting of liver injury is not clearly identified. However, other studies showed that aluminum chloride increases both BUN and SCr [11,13, 18, 20]. In present study aluminum chloride was used for 28 days while the other studies use aluminum for longer period of time. This might explain why there was no change in serum creatinine in the present study. Recently, it was found that aluminum chloride administered for 40 days increases BUN and SCr and decreases urine volume and creatinine clearance [20]. This was accompanied by increased renal OS and inflammation. This is in agreement with our findings that aluminum decreases creatinine clearance. Another study showed that aluminum chloride used for eight weeks in rats causes elevation of BUN and SCr [11]. We have found that honey has reno-protective effect in acute blood loss, CCI4 toxicity and lead toxicity [42,43,47]. It also improved renal function in normal individuals which has been suggested due to increase nitric oxide and decreasing prostaglandins