Banana Peels Biosorption
Use of Banana Peels (Musa Sapientum L.) Waste Material as Potential Low-cost De-leading Agent in Contaminated Water
1. Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
At present age there is a rapid increase of contaminants in the environment, but one of the major global concerns is the heavy metal concentrations in the environment as a result of man’s activities and since the biosphere is a closed system this heavy metals remains on earth and continuously increase as the human population increase. The acute and chronic effects of these heavy metals especially lead have been a worldwide concern. In fact in April 2000 the use of leaded gasoline was phased out in Metro Manila, such movement was partly due to the implementation of Clean Air Act of 1999 as well as the environmental concern of previous president Fidel V. Ramos [2].
Add an intro here about the presence and sources of lead and correlate it with the possibility of contaminating waters.
Conventional methods for metal removal in water include chemical precipitation, lime coagulation, ion exchange, reverse osmosis and solvent extraction [3]. Although this methods for the removal of heavy metals from wastewaters, however, are often cost prohibitive having inadequate efficiencies at low metal concentrations, particularly in the range of 1 to 100 mg/L. Some of these methods, furthermore, generate toxic sludge, the disposal of which is a burden on the techno-economic feasibility of treatment procedures [3].
The search for new technologies involving the removal of toxic metals from wastewaters has directed attention to biosorption, based on metal binding capacities of various biological materials. Biosorption can be defined as the ability of biological materials to accumulate heavy metals from wastewater through metabolically mediated or physico-chemical pathways of uptake [4]. Biosorption for the removal of heavy metal ions may provide an attractive
1. Introduction
1.1 Background of the Study
At present age there is a rapid increase of contaminants in the environment, but one of the major global concerns is the heavy metal concentrations in the environment as a result of man’s activities and since the biosphere is a closed system this heavy metals remains on earth and continuously increase as the human population increase. The acute and chronic effects of these heavy metals especially lead have been a worldwide concern. In fact in April 2000 the use of leaded gasoline was phased out in Metro Manila, such movement was partly due to the implementation of Clean Air Act of 1999 as well as the environmental concern of previous president Fidel V. Ramos [2].
Add an intro here about the presence and sources of lead and correlate it with the possibility of contaminating waters.
Conventional methods for metal removal in water include chemical precipitation, lime coagulation, ion exchange, reverse osmosis and solvent extraction [3]. Although this methods for the removal of heavy metals from wastewaters, however, are often cost prohibitive having inadequate efficiencies at low metal concentrations, particularly in the range of 1 to 100 mg/L. Some of these methods, furthermore, generate toxic sludge, the disposal of which is a burden on the techno-economic feasibility of treatment procedures [3].
The search for new technologies involving the removal of toxic metals from wastewaters has directed attention to biosorption, based on metal binding capacities of various biological materials. Biosorption can be defined as the ability of biological materials to accumulate heavy metals from wastewater through metabolically mediated or physico-chemical pathways of uptake [4]. Biosorption for the removal of heavy metal ions may provide an attractive
References: [1] Saikaew, W., Kaewsarn, P. and Saikaew, W., 2009. Pomelo Peel: Agricultural Waste for Biosorption of Cadmium Ions from Aqueous Solutions. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 56 [online]. Available at: http://www.waset.org/journals/waset/v56/v56-56.pdf. Accessed 25 June 2012. [2] AjayKumar, A.V., Darwish, N.A., and Hilal, N., 2009. Study of Various Parameters in the Biosorption of Heavy Metals on Activated Sludge. World Applied Sciences Journal, 5 (Special Issue for Environment), pp. 32-40 [online]. Available at: http://www.idosi.org/wasj/wasj5(s)/5.pdf. Accessed 25 June 2012. [3] Volesky, B., 1990. Biosorption of Heavy Metals. USA: CRC Press, p. 408. [4] Fourest, E.; Roux, J. C., (1992). Heavy metal biosorption by fungal mycelia by-product mechanisms and influence of pH. Appl. Microbiol, Biotech. 37 (13), 399-403 (5 pages). [5] Kapoor A, Viraraghavan T (1995). Fungal biosorption- an alternative treatment option for heavy metal bearing wastewater: a review. Bioresource Technol., 53(3): 195-206. Doi:10.1016/0960-8524(95)00072-M. [6] R. Dart ed., Medical Toxicology, 3rd ed., 2004, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, USA. [7] Riddell, T. J., et al., Elevated Blood-Lead Levels Among Children Living in the Rural Philippines, World Health Organization, vol. 85, no. 9, 2007, pp649-742. [8] C. Klassen ed., Casarett and Doull’s Toxcology, 6th ed., 2001, McGraw Hill Companies, USA. [9] B. Volesky and Z. R. Holan, Biosorption of Heavy Metals, 1995, Department of Chemical Engineering, McGill University, Canada. [10] Anhwange, B. A. et al., Chemical Composition of Musa Sapientum (Banana) Peels, Electronic Journal of Environmental, Agricultural and food Chemistry, vol. 8, no. 6, 2009, pp 437-442.