Preview

Assessing State Fragility of Afghanistan

Powerful Essays
Open Document
Open Document
4859 Words
Grammar
Grammar
Plagiarism
Plagiarism
Writing
Writing
Score
Score
Assessing State Fragility of Afghanistan
ASSESSING STATE FRAGILITY: AFGHANISTAN

State Fragility Report
INB355

Prepared for: Dr. Abdur Rob Khan Prepared by: Hasin Sadeque ( Niaz Mahmood (1030594530 Table of Content

Content | Page No. | Introduction and Historical Background | 3 | Executive Summary | 4 | Research Summary | 5-6 | Primary Drivers (Governance, Human Development, Security and Crime | 7-9 | Secondary Drivers | 10-11 | Possible Future Scenarios | 11-12 | Vulnerability Mapping | 13 | Events Monitoring Chart | 14 | Index Methodology | 15-18 | Structural Data | 19-20 | Recommendations for Afghan Government | 21 | Reference and Bibliography | 22 |

Afghanistan ranks as the second most fragile country in the CIFP state fragility index, as of 2011. Since the end of the repressive Taliban regime in 2001, the country has been desperately trying to stabilize its infrastructure and development, with the help of international aid. Unfortunately, continuous political and civil disputes have caused minimal, if any, progress in the country’s overall state.

Historical Background of Afghanistan

Since its independence in 1919, the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan has suffered from corruption, civil unrest, and outside influences. With a history of power struggles and regime changes, coupled with diverse ethnic and religious groups, it has long been a volatile country.

The country was declared a republic after a political coup in 1973. In 1978, USSR troops invaded the country in hopes of destroying the Islamic insurgency. Soviet control lasted till 1989, when they were overthrown by Mujahadeen, a religious guerrilla. The tyrannical Taliban regime then began in 1996, when the government was taken over by this extremist militant movement, which when unnoticed by the international community. Only after the 9/11 attacks, were any actions taken against the Taliban, when the US invaded Afghanistan n overthrew the
Continue Reading
View Writing Issues

You May Also Find These Documents Helpful

  • Good Essays

    How Has Conflict Impacted Afghanistan
    • 1207 Words
    • 5 Pages

    How Has Conflict Impacted Afghanistan

    The Afghanistan war began in 2001 after the intervention of the U.S into the Afghanistan civil war after the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center. The Afghan Civil War began before that in 1992 but the full intervention of the Western World and its allies began only after the terrorist attack on the U.S. Many things in Afghanistan were impacted due to the conflict taking place in Afghanistan such as the economy, health and literacy rate. In addition to these important things such as infrastructure, health and education are also being affected due to this dreadful war.…

    • 1207 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    The Taliban In Khaled Hosseini's The Kite Runner
    • 768 Words
    • 4 Pages

    The Taliban In Khaled Hosseini's The Kite Runner

    The Taliban was a group of Pashtun supremacists who banded together and took almost complete control of the country. The Taliban began…

    • 768 Words
    • 4 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Better Essays

    POL.355.Final.Paper
    • 2412 Words
    • 10 Pages

    POL.355.Final.Paper

    Afghanistan is an Islamic republic that is located near Pakistan. Kabul is the capital city and the country’s Chief of State is President Hamid Karzai. The country bears a population of 33.609 million people. It has been in war for three decades making it one of the most dangerous countries in the world. The insecurity in the country has resulted in a large number of refugees. The current war that is going on began in 2001 by several terrorist groups such as Hezbi Islami.…

    • 2412 Words
    • 10 Pages
    Better Essays
    Read More
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan
    • 2959 Words
    • 12 Pages

    Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan

    First of all, as this researcher has stated in the previous paragraph, the Soviet Invasion of the Democratic Republic of Afghanistan was, in the end, a failure. Due to this, the government of the USSR was forced to spend enormous amounts of money to support the war, which was completely wasted. Some very important events lead up to the Soviets' beginning this invasion before they became directly involved. Very shortly before their invasion, in April 1978, a military coup occurred, taking the current head of state, Mohammed Daoud Khan, out of power (he was killed during this takeover). The People's…

    • 2959 Words
    • 12 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
    Read More
  • Powerful Essays

    The Soviet Afghan War
    • 2130 Words
    • 6 Pages

    The Soviet Afghan War

    From 1933 to 1973 Afghanistan was ruled by Mohammed Zahir Shah. The Shah ruled the country during a period of relative peace and led Afghanistan into its first attempt at modernization after the Second World War. In July 1973 Zahir Shah’s forty-year reign came to an abrupt end when his former Prime Minister Mohammed Daoud Khan led a non-violent coup and seized power of Afghanistan for himself. Daoud eliminated the monarchial system in Afghanistan and established a republic naming himself as the new President of the country. Daoud began to make politicians in the USSR nervous by disintegrating some of Afghanistan’s dependence on the Soviet Union and promoting new western alliances. During his rule Daoud eliminated all communists from the cabinet and began legislation to ban communist parties in Afghanistan. Daoud’s decisions made the communist element in his country uneasy and he was the target of a coup five years into his own rule in April 1978. Many of military officers that helped Daoud in his coup against the Shah were the same that killed the President and most of his family. The military had now aligned itself with a Soviet influenced party that would lead the country into civil war, the Marxist People’s Democratic Party of Afghanistan or PDPA.…

    • 2130 Words
    • 6 Pages
    Powerful Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    The Kite Runner Analytical Essay
    • 526 Words
    • 3 Pages

    The Kite Runner Analytical Essay

    Between the years 1978 to 1989, occupation by the Soviet Union and civil wars, many Afghanistan tribal groups weakened the central government (The new book of knowledge). In the Kite Runner this is when Amir and Baba leave their country. “Kabul awoke the next morning to find that monarchy was a thing of the past.” (Hosseini, Khaled). In 1992, the collapse of the Soviet Union was over and…

    • 526 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    How Does The Taliban Affect The Economy
    • 1171 Words
    • 5 Pages

    How Does The Taliban Affect The Economy

    In the Afghan world today, especially in Kabul, the Taliban government has a strong and terrible influence on everyone living there. The Taliban are a Muslim fundamentalist group that took control over the government from 1996 until 2001. They enforced many unrealistic rules that caused many hardships for men and women. Many countries have stepped in to try bringing peace to Afghanistan. The Taliban had control of over 90% of the population until countries came together to stop them. They now, only control about 54 percent, which is a big difference from earlier on. There is a lot of irreversible damage that has been done, affecting the way the country and the people live today. The entire population of Kabul is in a constant state of traumatisation from the actions of the Taliban. The Taliban have made life a living nightmare for practically all women. Everyone who has not been disturbed by the sickening actions of the Taliban has lost all morals and sense of their Islamic religion. The Taliban have turned the once peaceful land of Kabul, and all Afghanistan, into a perpetual terrorist warzone. The economy in Afghanistan was greatly affected by the Taliban. The rules they created caused many restrictions on jobs and the overall lifestyle of those living in Afghanistan. One of the biggest changes seen in Afghanistan is the effect the Taliban had on the economy. The Taliban have caused the economy to drop drastically and force many people into poverty.…

    • 1171 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Muhammad Zahir Shah's Role In The Kite Runner
    • 1009 Words
    • 5 Pages

    Muhammad Zahir Shah's Role In The Kite Runner

    The complicated nation of Afghanistan has seen a history rife with conflict. Different ethnic groups, a lack of unity, and invading conquerors caused the nation to constantly change and evolve over the last 500 years. In modern day Afghanistan, these evolutions have been more controversial and more apparent as time has passed, forcing Afghans to look to their 1964 constitution. Muhammad Zahir Shah proved to be a reliable and credible leader who implemented a significant constitution which provided new laws for Afghan society, including those that would further advance women’s rights.…

    • 1009 Words
    • 5 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    What Are The Long Term Effects Of The Soviet Invasion On Afghan Society
    • 557 Words
    • 3 Pages

    What Are The Long Term Effects Of The Soviet Invasion On Afghan Society

    After being in a constant state of war, the creation and spread of fundamentalist Islamic groups was increased. Taliban and terrorism The establishment of Taliban and their rise to power in the 90s was a result of the conditions after the war. The Taliban emerged as an opposition movement.…

    • 557 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Harmful And Informative Essay: The Taliban In Afghanistan
    • 635 Words
    • 3 Pages

    Harmful And Informative Essay: The Taliban In Afghanistan

    The Taliban quickly took total control of the government and their citizens in 1996. They gained territory in the city of Kandahar, and over two years expanded their influence through a mixture of force, negotiation, and payoffs (Kaplan). The force the Taliban used to take over of the government was based on strict Islamic law, which caused the people of Afghanistan to change their ways of living. This changed many of the lives of people living in Afghanistan. According to Mcnarma…

    • 635 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Powerful Essays

    Pakistan in 2013
    • 47923 Words
    • 192 Pages

    Pakistan in 2013

    2013 will be another important year for Pakistan. Federal and provincial elections will be held during the first half of the year. If, as seems increasingly likely, the Pakistan People’s Party-led Government sees out its full term in office and hands over to a civilian successor, it will be the first time in Pakistan’s history that this has happened. But the political and economic situation remains highly volatile and unpredictable. In addition, by the end of 2013 the coalition allies, led by the United States, are expected to have withdrawn more of their combat forces from neighbouring Afghanistan – with total withdrawal the following year. Pakistan’s policies and actions will be pivotal in shaping the outcome there. Further, the run-up to elections in India in 2014 could affect the fragile peace efforts once again underway between these enduring rivals. During 2013, the wider world will probably continue to view developments in Pakistan primarily through the prism of Islamist militancy and the actions taken (or not) to combat it by the Federal Government. This is understandable, but it is crucial not to oversimplify the country’s politics by neglecting the many other factors which shape its trajectory. This paper seeks to create that wider lens on Pakistan. It begins by surveying the electoral landscape in Pakistan as 2013 draws near, before going on to assess the record in office of the Federal Government, led by the Pakistan People’s Party, since 2008. The paper then looks at Pakistan’s complex and often fraught relationships with other countries since 2008, focusing specifically on the US, India, Afghanistan, China, the UK and the EU. It also reviews development and humanitarian aid to Pakistan since 2008. The paper ends with a summary of recent expert views of Pakistan’s ‘possible futures’.…

    • 47923 Words
    • 192 Pages
    Powerful Essays
    Read More
  • Satisfactory Essays

    Afghanistan Till 9/11
    • 409 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Afghanistan Till 9/11

    The political history of the modern state of Afghanistan begins in 1709, when the Hotaki dynasty was established in Kandahar followed by Ahmad Shah Durrani's rise to power in 1747.[3][14][15] In the late 19th century, Afghanistan became a buffer state in the "Great Game" between the British and Russian empires. Following the 1919 Anglo-Afghan War, King Amanullah began a European style modernization of the country but was stopped by the ultra-conservatives. During the Cold War, after the withdrawal of the British from neighboring India in 1947, the United States and the Soviet Union began spreading…

    • 409 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
    Read More
  • Satisfactory Essays

    South East Astrafficking
    • 317 Words
    • 2 Pages

    South East Astrafficking

    In 1979 there was a war between the Soviet’s and the Afghani’s in which the Soviet Union attacked Afghanistan in order to back up the people’s democratic party of Afghanistan (PDPA) because they wanted Afghanistan to be run by socialism instead of communism. The reason of the invasion was because Afghanistan started to separate itself from the Soviet Union so that they could make a “new national identity”, which I believe, is completely fair, and the Soviet’s did not like that. So the Soviet’s attacked Afghanistan so the Afghani people had to create a group to fight back called the Mujahedeen, which also means strugglers. The Mujahedeen were supported by foreign governments who all wanted the Soviet Union to stop the invasion. These foreign governments included Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, and even the United States. Each of these governments wanted to help Afghanistan keep its freedom, which included the communist bloc. The Soviet Union had a difficult time knowing who to go after and who not to because when the call for Jihad went out it included ALL Muslims. The Russians had no chance against the Mujahedeen because there were so many of them and because the governments who helped the Mujahedeen gave them weapons and they also knew Afghanistan and its mountains better than the Soviets. So, by the end of the war the Mujahedeen ran 75% of Afghanistan by 1982. Some of the Russian soldiers even deserted their groups to join the Mujahedeen. The reason that the…

    • 317 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Satisfactory Essays
    Read More
  • Good Essays

    Taliban
    • 346 Words
    • 2 Pages

    Taliban

    Before the Taliban Afghanistan was torn because of the Civil War and the Soviet war.…

    • 346 Words
    • 2 Pages
    Good Essays
    Read More
  • Powerful Essays

    An Education That Fosters Hope Analysis
    • 718 Words
    • 3 Pages

    An Education That Fosters Hope Analysis

    Though causes and players have varied throughout, Afghanistan has been at war since 1978 and for many of its people, the world around them has been tearing each other apart for as long as they can remember. My ignorance, however, left me distanced from this unfathomable fact until I recently met a boy from Afghanistan named Salim.…

    • 718 Words
    • 3 Pages
    Powerful Essays
    Read More

Related Topics