During the early half of the 20th century, a new style of criticism emerged allowing literary texts to be examined as “independent and complete works of art” as defined by Linda Pavlovski (1). It is evident that literary works were and still are interpreted with aid from historical, biological, and even cultural perspectives but New Criticism advocates each work of literary can stand with its own importance unaided. Critic, poet, and author of the book titled The New Criticism, John Crow Ransom, established New Criticism as the term which is used today. The majority of critics who use New Criticism use it to analyze and defend poetry from its common interpretations. A poem that can be analyzed by New Criticism is “When I Heard a Learn’d Astronomer” by Walt Whitman. The eight-lined poem recounts a day in class and a revelatory encounter with nature. Sticking to Pavlovski’s definition of New Criticism and by focusing on a close reading of the technicalities such as structure, paradoxes, and word choice the message is clear to read.…
Bressler, Charles E. “Literary Criticism” An Introduction to Theory and Practice. Fifth Edition, 2010. Published by Prentice Hall. Pgs. 1-335.…
Naik, M K. Indian English Poetry: from the beginnings upto 2000. Delhi: Pencraft International, 2009.…
Cited: Bressler, Charles E. Literary Criticism: An Introduction to Theory and Practice. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall, 2007. Print.…
Kamala Das born on 31st March 1934 is one of the best-known contemporary Indian women writers. She writes in two languages, English and Malayalam. She has also written under the pseudonyms Madhavikutty and Kamala Suraiyya.). Das was born into an aristocratic Nair Hindu family in Malabar. Her love of poetry began at an early age through the influence of her maternal great-uncle, Narayan Menon, a prominent writer, and her mother, Balamani Amma, a well-known Malayali poet. Das was also deeply affected by the poetry of the sacred writings kept by the matriarchal community of Nairs. Educated in Calcutta and Malabar, Das began writing at age six (her poems were “about dolls who lost their heads and had to remain headless for ever”) and had her first poem published by P.E.N. India at age fourteen. She did not receive a university education. She was married in 1949 to Madhava Das. Although Das and Madhava were romantically incompatible (Das's 1976 autobiography, My Story, describes his homosexual liaisons and her extramarital affairs), Madhara supported her writing. In addition to writing poetry, fiction, and autobiography, Das served as editor of the poetry section of The Illustrated Weekly of India from 1971-72 and 1978-79. After her husband died, Das converted to Islam and changed her name to Kamala Suraiyya. She currently lives in Kerala, where she writes a syndicated column on culture and politics.…
For this novel, I will be critically analyzing it using two theories, namely the “Formalist Criticism” (which is also known as “New Criticism”) and “Reader-Response Criticism”. The reason I choose both these criticism theories are because I personally opine that these two theories can realistically reflect our views on the literature read as readers.…
Literary Criticism is the branch of study concerned with defining, classifying and evaluating works of literature. It began almost simultaneously with creation. However, it was only with Plato that criticism became a vital force in the ancient world.…
Cited: Bressler, Charles E. Literary Criticism: An Introduction to Theory and Practice. 5th ed. Boston: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2011. 123-141. Print.…
Sanskrit is the vast and rich treasure house of various branches of knowledge. It has produced magnificent and sublime poetry since time immemorial. Ancient Indian thinkers thought a lot on the various aspects of poetry from different angles and consequently criticism of poetry developed here. New views emerged, several literary principles were explored and a series of schools of poetics came into existence.…
2. Practical Criticism is matched by a similar critical movement: New Criticism (almostly exclusively on the description of literary – as independent aesthetic objects)…
OR 2. Explore how either “the Planners” (by Boey Kim Cheng) or “The City Planners” (by Margaret Atwood) powerfully conveys feelings about the absurdity in the way cities are planned.…
This article provides only general information about criticism. For subject-specific information, see the Varieties of criticism page.…
The critical activity performs three functions. The first one is critical function. By judging and appreciating works, it helps the readers to make up their minds. This function is linked to the institution of journalism. The second function of literary criticism is scientific. It studies the material, motifs, sources and origin of the works of art. It is linked to the university. The third function is literary. It probes the causes that make a work of art what it is. That is what Roman Jakobson meant when he said that the real field of literary science is not literature, but “literariness”, in other words, that which makes a specific work literary.…
Edgar Allan Poe, in addition to being a poet and master of the short story, proved to be extremely successful as a literary critic during the early nineteenth century. Possessing the innate ability to distinguish truly remarkable writing from the ordinary and unimpressive, Poe definitively asserted his views regarding the importance of certain aspects of the short story and poetry in several of his literary reviews, specifically his review of Nathanial Hawthorne’s text Twice Told Tales as well as his essay “The Philosophy of Composition.” Poe especially stressed the importance of “unity of effect,” originality, as well as the revelation of truth in the short story and beauty in poetry. However despite his assertions regarding the importance of these aspects in literature it can be seen that Poe did not always adhere to his own critical standards.…
It is said that among the major literary genres recognized today, the ‘novel’ is the most accessible to the majority of the readership. However, in terms of stylistic analysis, novels are the most difficult subjects to analyze. However, a trend that has been observed for the bulk of the twentieth-century is that literary criticism conducted on the genre of narrative texts (i.e. novels) have primarily focused on narrative point of view (Short, 1996, pg. 256) and this is not without cause.…