Appendix E Strategies for Gathering and Evaluating Sources

Associate Level Material
Appendix E

Strategies for Gathering and Evaluating Sources

|Source |What makes the source credible or what does not make it |Explain in at least two to four sentences |
| |credible? Consider the following when addressing the |what information you can gather from this |
| |source: |source? |
| | | |
| |What is the author’s affiliation to any organization | |
| |related to the subject of the article? Does he or she have| |
| |an ulterior motive? | |
| | | |
| |What is the author’s experience with the subject, | |
| |including academic or professional credentials related to | |
| |the subject of the source article? Does she or he have | |
| |what it takes to understand the complexities of the | |
| |subject? | |
| | | |
| |Does this article report on information that the author | |
| |experienced personally, or is it a summary or retelling of| |
| |information from other sources? How close is the author to| |
| |the actual information? | |
| | | |
| |Is the information current? When was the information | |
| |published or last updated? Might there be resources with | |
| |more current information? | |
| | | |
| |In general, does the information in the source article | |
| |match the information found in other sources? Or is the | |
| |information different or unique? Can this information be | |
| |confirmed by more sources than just this one? | |
| | | |
| |Does the source make any claims without having evidence to| |
| |support them? | |
|Source name |I do believe this is a credible source. The author Erich |This article explores the significance of |
| |Goode has provided an ample amount of evidence to support |the self-control, and the relationship |
|Authors: Goode, Erich |his claim. One source of evidence is through the Youth |between drug use, crime and the effect on |
| |Behavior Risk Surveillance study, a nationally |our society. It states that individuals who|
|Source: DRUG abuse & crime. Out of|representative survey. The author has also used sources, |use drugs are more likely to commit crimes.|
|Control: Assessing the General |such as Jo Anne Grunbaum from the Centers for Disease |People who engage in criminal or delinquent|
|Theory of Crime; 2008, p185-199, |Control and Prevention for |behavior are statistically more likely to |
|15p |assisting in obtaining the raw data for this study. This |use drugs, drink alcohol, and smoke |
| |source provides Gottfredson and Hirschi’s views on this |cigarette. More than individuals who do not|
| |matter, who are criminologists and drug use specialists. |engage in criminal or delinquent behavior. |
| |So the information provided by this source is confirmed by|The more frequently individuals use drugs |
| |specialist and experts in the field. The content is up to |for recreational purposes, the |
| |date, for example, the collection of position papers and |greater the likelihood that they engage in |
| |their references in Toward a Drugs and Crime Research |criminal behavior. |
| |Agenda for the 21st Century. | |
|Source name |I do believe this source is credible with up to date | |
| |information. The author has the proper credentials related|This article examines the process of |
|Authors: |to this subject through the Boise State University, Boise,|becoming addicted to drugs via epigenetic |
|Walsh, Anthony |ID, USA. Also the source comes from an academic journal. |processes. Frequent drug usage leads to an |
|Johnson, Hailey |The information provided by the author is not claims, but |allosteric (the changing of a physiological|
|Bolen, Jonathan D. |is the actual process the brain goes through when a person|system by the calibration its set points) |
| |uses drugs. |brain changes in its pleasure centers. This|
|Source: Journal of Contemporary | |is the evidence needed to explain why |
|Criminal Justice; Aug2012, Vol. 28| |people addicted to drugs, engage in |
|Issue 3, p314-328, 15p | |criminal behavior. |
| | | |
|Source name |I have found this source to be credible. Both authors have| |
| |the proper credentials related to this topic. Julie M. |This article examines whether drug use and |
|Authors: |Ford, Ph.D., is an Assistant Professor in the Department |the presence of visible drug sales lead to |
|Ford, Julie |of Sociology at SUNY-Brockport. Her research includes |elevated levels of three types of crime: |
|Beveridge, Andrew |urban and disadvantaged communities |assault; burglary and theft. For crime |
| |and substance use. Andrew A. Beveridge, Ph.D., is a |victimization rates by neighborhood, it is |
|Source: Neighborhood Crime |Professor in the Department of Sociology at Queens College|found that for burglary, neighborhood |
|Victimization, Drug Use and Drug |and the Graduate Center of CUNY. His research includes |disadvantage, the presence of visible drug |
|Sales. Conference Papers/American |historical population change and the analysis of |sales and drug use are related to |
|Sociological Association; 2006 |neighborhoods and other geographic factors. This paper |victimization. For assault, only |
|Annual Meeting, Montreal, p1, 37p |provides evidence through data from the Fighting Back |neighborhood disadvantage and visible drug |
| |evaluation to examine the empirical relation between drug |sales are statistically significant; and |
| |use and the neighborhood-level presence of drug |for theft, only visible drug sales |
| |dealing, and burglary, theft and assault rates and |influence the rate of criminal activity. |
| |victimization. | |
|Source name |I cannot find that this source to be completely credible. | |
| |Although the authors do have some credentials through |The purpose of the proposed article is to |
|Authors: |University of Delaware, Emeritus. This source has done |improve the understanding of the |
|Anderson, Tammy L. |research to back their theory, but have yet to provide the|relationship between drug use and violence |
|Harrison, Lana |evidence or results in this paper. The information is |among youth in the early 21st century. This|
|Freeman, Charles |unique and does differ from other sources, but does not |paper takes an unique conceptual approach |
| |have the resources to confirm it. |by integrating ideas from Agnew’s general |
|Source: General Strain Theory and | |strain theory (GST) with Goldstein’s |
|the Drugs/Violence Nexus. | |tripartite model to advance scholarship on |
|Conference Papers -- American | |the relationship between drugs and |
|Sociological Association; 2003 | |violence. This article specifically, |
|Annual Meeting, Atlanta, GA, | |explains the types of strain-induced |
|p1-29, 29p, 4 Diagrams | |emotional states that are motivated by |
| | |drugs leading to violence and crime. |
|Source name |I found this article on the web, and was not able to find | |
| |the authors name. I do believe it is credible, because the|The consequences of drug use or abuse in |
| |article provides a large amount of evidence to confirm the|society take a profound toll on families, |
|DRUG USE AND RELATED ADVERSE |facts they have provided. The evidence provided are from a|schools, and other community institutions |
|BEHAVIORAL AND SOCIAL CONSEQUENCES|number of different studies on the adverse social and |and burden the criminal justice, health |
| |behavioral consequences of drug use |care, and social welfare systems. Evidence |
|National Institute on Drug Abuse |or abuse need to integrate both community and individual |has shown that not only does drug abuse has|
| |level factors. The facts provided are also very similar to|detrimental effects on youth lives but also|
| |what I have found from other credible sources. The |has adverse ramifications for their |
| |research provided is also update throughout the article. |transition into adulthood. Such as |
| | |marriage, continuity of employment, |
| | |criminal activities, parenting behavior. |
| | |. |
| | | |
|Source name |I have found this source to be credible. All the authors |The psychological factors that contribute |
| |have the proper credentials related to this subject. They |to and characterize |
|Authors: |have proven they have experience in this field and are |criminality are numerous. They include: |
|David Deitch, Ph.D. |able understand and explain the complexities of the |manipulation, |
|Igor Koutsenok M.D. Amanda Ruiz, |subject. They have also provided the proper references, |impulsivity, low tolerance for frustration,|
|M.D. |which can be affiliated with this field. They have |the propensity and |
| |researched areas of the information in the article, but |the need for danger or thrill seeking, poor|
|Source: The Relationship Between |have yet to provide the results. I do think it is a |consequential |
|Crime and Drugs: What We Have |credible source because of all the other reasons, and they|thinking, poor option generation, poor use |
|Learned in Recent Decades |are not throwing out any ridiculous information about the |of leisure time, affiliation in terms of |
| |subject. |social identity with the criminal class, |
| | |easy dissatisfaction or boredom with |
| | |conventional activity alienation from |
| | |general socialization, identifying with |
| | |whole groups of people who have been |
| | |socialized into gang behavior. |