AP US History Chapter 1 outline & guide
1. People in motion a. From Berginia to America i. By 12,000 B.C. humans were in Siberia an western Alaska and Berginia, crossing land bridge. ii. By 8,000 B.C. humans had reached Tierra del Fuego b. The Great Extinction and the Rise of Agriculture i. As glaciers receded and climate warmed, those who migrated south and east found good environment ii. Some natives settled down and adopted food cultivation 1) Permanent farm villages began to develop c. The Norsemen i. Began exploring coast of North America in 1001 and established "Vinland" on Newfoundland coasts 2. Europe and the World by the 15th Century a. China: The Rejection of Overseas Expansion i. Initiated overseas voyages between 1405 and 1434 to East Indies and coast of East Africa ii. Voyages indicate Chinese belief in their own superiority, China turns inward b. Europe verses Islam i. Islamic societies controlled overland trade with Asia and the only know sea route ii. By 1400 Arab, mariners were world's best iii. Ottoman Turks conquer Constantinople in 1453, overran the Balkans by the 1520's and also threatened Vienna iv. Safavid Empire in Iran also prominent at this time v. Mogul Empire forms basis for modern states of Pakistan and Bangladesh vi. By 1300, population of Europe is over one million- black death reduces population- growth will resume after 1500 vii. Renaissance(rebirth) encourages explosion of European culture 1) Helped by development of the printing press 2) None of European kingdoms were self-contained economies, unlike China 3) Need to trade fosters competition c. The Legacy of the Crusaders i. Crusaders left a legacy of expansion ii. First slaves were Moslem captives 1) Turned to Slavs in 14th and 15th century 2) Acquired some Africans, however they were not exploited with great intensity as later in the Americas d. The Unlucky Pioneer: Portugal i.