Alhazen Ibn Al-Haytham
Alhazen Ibn al-Haytham, born 965ce – 1039ce an Arab /Persian scientist and polymath, also significant contributions to the principals of optics, as well as to physics, anatomy, astronomy, engineering, mathematics, medicine, ophthalmology, philosophy, psychology, visual perception, and to science in general with his early application of the scientific method. After being ordered by Al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah, the sixth ruler of the Fatimid Caliphate, to carry out this operation, he quickly perceived the impossibility of what he was attempting to do, and retired from engineering. Fearing for his life, he feigned madness and was placed under house arrest from 1011 – 1021, during and after which he devoted himself to his scientific work until his death. Ibn al-Haytham most famous works, Books of optics, which he has been ranked Isaac Newton’s Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (PNPM) as one of the most influential books in physics for introducing an early scientific method, and for initiating a revolution in optics and visual perception. Ibn al-Haytham made significant improvements in optics, physical science, and the scientific method which influenced the development of science for over five hundred years after his death. During his time in Cairo, he became associated with Al- Azhar University, as well as the city’s “House of Widsom”, known as Dar Al- Hekma (House of Knowledge) which was a library “first in importance” to Baghdad’s House of Wisdom. Ibn al-Haytham was famous for the three things which are famous Muslim scientist/ Physics, mathematician, and Astronomical Works. Ibn al-Haytham is regarded as the “father of the modern optics” for his influential Books of Optics when proved the intromission theory of vision and refined it into essentially its modern form. The major two theories on vision prevailed in classical antiquity. The first theory, the emission theory, was supported by such thinkers as Euclid and Ptolemy, who believed that the sight worked by