airline feasibility
BROOKINGS DOHA CENTER ANALYSIS PAPER
Number 8, September 2013
KINGS FOR ALL SEASONS:
HOW THE MIDDLE EAST’S MONARCHIES
SURVIVED THE ARAB SPRING
F. GREGORY GAUSE, III
Brookings
The Brookings Institution is a private non-profit organization. Its mission is to conduct high-quality, independent research and, based on that research, to provide innovative, practical recommendations for policymakers and the public. The conclusions and recommendations of any Brookings publication are solely those of its author(s) and do not reflect the views of the Institution, its management, or its scholars.
Copyright © 2013
THE BROOKINGS INSTITUTION
1775 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20036 U.S.A. www.brookings.edu BROOKINGS DOHA CENTER
Saha 43, Building 63, West Bay, Doha, Qatar www.brookings.edu/about/centers/doha Table
of
Contents
I. Executive Summary ............................................................................................................1
II. Introduction ......................................................................................................................3
III. “Just Wait, They Will Fall” .............................................................................................5
IV. The Strange Case of Monarchical Stability .....................................................................8
Cultural Legitimacy ...................................................................................................8
Functional Superiority: Performance and Reform ..................................................12
V. Monarchical Political Reform: Individual v. Dynastic Monarchies ...............................15
The Individual Monarchies ......................................................................................15
The Dynastic Monarchies .......................................................................................18
VI. Explaining Monarchical
Number 8, September 2013
KINGS FOR ALL SEASONS:
HOW THE MIDDLE EAST’S MONARCHIES
SURVIVED THE ARAB SPRING
F. GREGORY GAUSE, III
Brookings
The Brookings Institution is a private non-profit organization. Its mission is to conduct high-quality, independent research and, based on that research, to provide innovative, practical recommendations for policymakers and the public. The conclusions and recommendations of any Brookings publication are solely those of its author(s) and do not reflect the views of the Institution, its management, or its scholars.
Copyright © 2013
THE BROOKINGS INSTITUTION
1775 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20036 U.S.A. www.brookings.edu BROOKINGS DOHA CENTER
Saha 43, Building 63, West Bay, Doha, Qatar www.brookings.edu/about/centers/doha Table
of
Contents
I. Executive Summary ............................................................................................................1
II. Introduction ......................................................................................................................3
III. “Just Wait, They Will Fall” .............................................................................................5
IV. The Strange Case of Monarchical Stability .....................................................................8
Cultural Legitimacy ...................................................................................................8
Functional Superiority: Performance and Reform ..................................................12
V. Monarchical Political Reform: Individual v. Dynastic Monarchies ...............................15
The Individual Monarchies ......................................................................................15
The Dynastic Monarchies .......................................................................................18
VI. Explaining Monarchical