1. Describe the process by which the Zulu kingdom and the Sokoto Caliphate were formed. pp.625-628…
1.) To actually conquer this territory it required a well-trained and equipped army. Also it took lots of time and people with skills. When Genghis Khan died, the land that he had owned split up. The Mongols built highways which helped them in trading. They were also the first to use gunpowder, coal, and printing.…
Similarly, their military expansion lead to commercial success and had divisions of clans. However, Mali had more power in the territories they took over than Ghana.…
under the control of the Mongols, but around the early 1400s the Mongol Empire fell. The…
The Mongols annexed one kingdom after another while invading the Muslim world. The trouble began when Sultan Muhammad killed off those who Genghis Khan had sent to the Persian lands peacefully. Genghis Khan was angered, and made it his mission to defeat Sultan Muhammad and his territory. He began through the cities of Samarkand and Otrar, and finally made his way to invade. It was stated that he had poured molted silver into the eyes and ears of a governor who had been the one to order the previous killings of sent Mongols that had angered Genghis Khan.…
Ghana soon began to fall, people who were under their control fought for the control of the lucrative trade. Mali was established in 1235 by Sundiata. Male became rich off of the Saharan trade routes. King Moses controlled Gao and Timbuktu his power extended also to the Taghaza salt mines. According to document 9 “ They put their children in chains if they show any backwardness in memorizing it, and they are not set free until they have it by heart”(304).It basically means that the power that they had over other people also were towards their children which…
In efforts to efficiently organize Mali, he founded the country on the basis of productivity and richness in agriculture. Considering that location is important for structure, he established the Malian empire’s capital at Niani. Niani was located near the upper Niger river. The trans-Sahara caravan was a route from the Middle East & Far west, Europe, North Africa, to the Sub-Saharan region of Africa. That Sub-saharan region included but was not limited to: Mali, Senegal, Ivory Coast, Ghana, Benin, Algeria, and Nigeria. The long distance trade was chiefly orchestrated by the Wangara people along the Niger River from Timbuktu to Senegal. It was mostly used by agriculturalist, herdsmen, hunter soldiers, and herdsmen. The trading of gold, salt, copper, and humans by African traders in exchange for cowry shells, cotton cloth, and Chinese porcelain from visitors was very prominent. Trader contacts increased by 800-1500 people due to a growing international trade network. As stated in the introduction paragraph, the trading of those goods, animals, and humans caused more people to migrate in and out of Africa. This was the main link that led to the spread of Islam. The most compelling evidence of this is the fact that the Arabian traders that settled along the coast of the Nile River and were one responsible factor of the spread of Islam by intermarrying within the local population. Similarly, the Muslim merchants could trade with people in many different areas because Arabia was at a crossroads location. Islam was also adopted by the kings and their royal families. Islam was mainly accepted by rulers because it promoted economic and social growth, which in turn made for a better equipped nation. Seeing that west Africa was made up of stateless societies, authority was also organized around ancestral reverence or other obligations. Because Sundiata was the son of a great…
Both Mali and the Delhi Sultanate lied in the tropical zone of Africa and Asia. Lacking the hot and cold seasons of temperate lands, the two empires have their own cycle of rainy and dry season caused by the monsoons. They were the largest and richest tropical states. Both utilized Islamic administrative and military systems. Mali was founded by an indigenous African dynasty that had adopted Islam through the peaceful influence of Muslim merchants and scholars. The Delhi Sultanate on the other hand, was founded and invaded by Turkic and Afghan Muslims. However both empires and many others like Zimbabwe, recognised that Islam suited their needs and adopted it. Under Muslim rule, trades prospered in the Indian Ocean Maritime Network and the Trans-Saharan trade. In spite of the Delhi Sultanate's shortcomings, it has set the framework for a true Indian bureaucracy and gave Islam a definite influence in Southeast Asia.…
Before Columbus sailed to the New World and before Europe reached their "Enlightenment Era" two significant kingdoms flourished on the west coast of what some refer to as the motherland: Africa. The name of these two mighty states are Ghana and Mali. Ghana was the first West African state of which their was any record. After the downfall near the end of the eleventh century, Mali rose up to take their place as the economic, religious, and cultural hub of West Africa.…
In the late nineteenth century, European exploration and military expeditions led to French rule of the Tuareg homeland. By the early twentieth century, the French had brought the Tuareg under their colonial control. They ended Tuareg trade activities, including the collection of tariffs and the protection services for camel caravans crossing the Sahara.…
West Africa, a striving center of trade and commerce was born in the Post Classical world. The society was morphed by the way people traded. Between 600 and 1450, West Africa went from a society dominated by the beliefs of Animism and trading with east to one in which Islam influenced their culture and traded with the dar-al-Islam. The dominance of their own culture and its influence on their religion, and the production of bananas, however, remained constant.…
How has the scramble for Africa affected Africans? Europeans have always been known to take over many territories. For example, the British have expanded their empire to Australia, Asia, and even the Americas. Although these changes have made what the world is today, nothing has changed more than Africa. Before Colonialism occurred, Africa traded with other parts of the world for centuries (RP #1). In the nineteenth century, the Europeans started to notice that Africa could be a “gold mine” for their own economy. As more Europeans started to invade Africa, much of Imperialism took place. The two main reasons for Imperialism and Colonialism in Africa were for trade and territorial control.…
Before European imperialism reached Africa, the African people lived in villages and had agricultural economies. When the Europeans spread into inland Africa and started colonize the land, the life of natives drastically changed. The Europeans came into Africa, took over the land and began to dictate and deceive the Africans for European gain. The Europeans brought an active and more worldly economy to Africa, but they did not let the natives constructively participate or benefit from this new system. European imperialism was harmful to Africa in several ways, as when the Europeans came over, so came a significant loss of life to natives and famine, and a division of culture that brought conflict into tribes, and a loss of land and resources,…
It had a great market at which the empire made its money. It existed from c. 1000 to c. 1592. The economy was mostly dependent on gold trade. A king ruled this empire. Before imperialism, there were often conflicts between these empires, and between other smaller towns and tribes. To the east of the Ghana Kingdom, the Mali Empire was growing and this caused conflicts. After fights and disputes between these neighboring territories, the Mali Empire took over the Ghana Kingdom. Fights over who should take over the throne and the rebellion by the Fulani people in the Mali Empire led to the rise of the Songhai Empire. This great empire was led by the Royal Family Sonni, from the 13th century all the way through the 15th century. All three of these great empires had large armies. The leaders of these empires were often hungry for more land, and this caused wars and conflicts. The Songhai Empire had a great army. There were foot soldiers, a large fleet of ships, an elite cavalry, and musicians. They conquered the cities of Timbuktu, and Djenne, which were great intellectual and economic…
African military leader. A Muslim, he began to amass a personal following in the mid-1850s, establishing a military base on the Upper Niger. By 1870 his authority was acknowledged throughout the Kanaka region of the River Milo, in what is now eastern Guinea. By 1880 he ruled a vast Dyula empire, from the Upper Volta in the east to the Fouta Djallon in the west, over which he attempted to create a single Islamic administrative system. His imperial ambitions clashed with those of the French and there were sporadic battles between 1882 and 1886 . His attempts to impose Islam on all his people resulted in a revolt in 1888 . A French invasion in 1891 – 92 forced him to move...…