APA CITATION AND FORMATTING
When you base writing on published materials, which is a requirement of a majority of college course assignments, it is important to correctly credit those materials, or “sources”, with source credits, often referred to as “citations”, and to do so using the formatting rules required for the academic field of study within which you are writing. In the case of coursework completed for college psychology courses, the citation and formatting rules required have been established by the American Psychological Association (APA). While APA citation and formatting rules are widely used, they …show more content…
If you are taking a course outside of your major field of study you may never use APA formatting again after completing that course. As is the case with any degree, source citing and formatting rules compliance cannot be waived in a psychology course for students not pursuing a psychology degree; however, you will find that in almost any course, regardless of degree, you will not use every citation and formatting rule but rather likely be citing hard copy and electronic copy (e-format and web) books and articles, and websites (including sites that contain text only or video material) and that which of these types of sources are required is determined by course and individual assignment requirements and permissions. Below you will find examples of how these sources are APA cited in the body of one’s writing (often called “in-text” citing) and “referenced” in a References list attached to the end of one’s …show more content…
In fact, the scores of identical twins reared apart are more highly correlated than those of fraternal twins reared together” (Wade & Tavris, 2011, p. 235).
Notice the quotation marks, which reflect that this is an exact quote from a published source. When you quote verbatim, you also always include the page number where the quote originated. Also, note where the period is located in relationship to the parentheses. It on the outside of them, immediately following the right, closing parenthesis.
If you have already cited the author(s) of a publication at the beginning of a statement that includes quoted content, a page number citation should be included at the end of the quote:
In looking at genetics and intelligence, authors Wade and Tavris (2011) state, “In studies of twins, the scores of identical twins are always much more highly correlated than those of fraternal twins, a difference that reflects the influence of genes. In fact, the scores of identical twins reared apart are more highly correlated than those of fraternal twins reared together” (p.