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Absence Management

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Absence Management
A b sence m an agem e nt an d t h e issu es o f jo b r e t ent io n a n d r et u r n t o w ork

Strategies aimed at facilitating the job retention and return to work of sick and injured workers are currently the subject of growing attention. In this article the authors examine the nature and potential signi® cance of such strategies to absence management and utilise interview ® ndings to shed light on current employer policies and practices relating to the management of long-term absences. They conclude that at the national level a large proportion of working days lost through sickness absence stem from relatively long spells of absence and that the adoption of a proactive approach to supporting the return to work of ill and injured workers can have beneficial consequences. However, they further conclude that few organisations appear to have comprehensive arrangements in place to ha ndle cases of l o ng-term a bsence. A number o f a reas where p res ent e mployer arrangements could usefully be reviewed are therefore identi® ed.
Contact: Philip James, Middlesex University Business School, The Burroughs,
Hendon, London NW4 4BT. Email: p.james@mdx.ac.uk

E

ach year many thousands of w orkers leave their employment as a result of illness and injury. Yet little attention has been paid within the HRM literature to the policies and strategies that organisations can utilise to minimise the scale of such job loss. This is despite the fact t hat there is some evidence to suggest that employers can put in place arrangements that will serve to enhance the return to work and continued employm ent of workers suffering f rom potentially job-thre aten i n g medical conditions.
F u r t h e r m o re, t his l a ck o f at tentio n e xists a ga inst the b a ckgro u nd o f po licy developments and debates aimed at facilitating the job retention and return to work of sick and injured workers. At the level of the European Union, for example, the issue
forms



References: Alle gro, J. and Veerman, T. (1998). `Sickness absence’ in Work Psychology. P. Drenth, H. Butler, R., Johnson, W. and Baldwin, M. (1995). `Managing work disability: why ® rst return to work is not a measure of success’ Bruyere, S. and James, P. (1997). `Disability management and the Disability Discrimination Act’ Clarke, S., Elliott, R. and Osman, J. (1995). `Occupation and sickness absence’ in Occupational Health: Decennial Supplement Cousins, C., Jenkins, J. and Laux, R. (1998). `Disability data from the LFS: comparing 1997-98 with the past’ Cuelenaere, B., Veerman, T., Prins, R. and van der Giezen, A. (1999). In Distant Mirrors: Work Incapacity and Return to Work ± A Study of Low Back Pain in the Netherlands and Five Other Cunningham, I. and Hyman, J. (1995). `Transforming the HRM vision into reality: the role of line managers and supervisors in implementing change’ European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (2000). Safety and Health and Employability, Bilbao: European Agency for Safety and Health at Work. HUMAN RESOURCE M AN AG EMEN T J OURNAL, V OL 12 N O 2, 2002 93 (1999). Revitalising Health and Safety, London: HSC/DETR Consultative Document, July. I d l e r, E. and Angel, R. ( 1990). `Self-rated health a nd mortality in the NHANES-I epidemiology follow-up study’ Institute of Personnel and Development (2000). Employee Absence: A Survey of Management Policy and Practice, London: IPD. James, P., Dibben, P. and Cunningham, I. (2000). `Employers and the management of longterm sickness’ in Job Retention in the Context of Long-Term Illness. J. Lewis (ed). York: Joseph Rowntree Foundation. James, P. and Walters, D. (1999). Regulating Health and Safety at Work: The Way Forward, London: Institute of Employment Rights. Kearns, D. (1997). `Collaborative rehabilitation in the workplace’ . Occupational Therapy International, 4: 2, 135-150. Kenny, D. (1994). `Determinants of time lost from workplace injuries: the impact of the injury, the injured, the industry, the interventi on and the insurer ’ Kenny, D. (1995). `Barriers to occupational rehabilitation: an exploratory study of long-term injured workers’ Krause, N., Dasinger, L. and Neuhauser, F. (1998). `Modi® ed work and return to work: a review of the literature’ Lewis, J. (ed) (2000). Job Retention in the Context of Long-Term Illness, York: Joseph Rowntre e Foundation. Local Government Management Board (1997). Local Government Sickness Absence Levels 1996/97, London: Local Government Management Board. Marmot, T., Feeney, A., Shipley, M., North, F. and Syme, S. (1995). `Sickness absence as a measure of health status and functioning: ® ndings from the Whitehall II study’ McGovern, P., Gratton, L., Stiles, P., Hope-Hailey, V. and Truss, C. (1997). `Human resource management on the line?’ Human Resource Management Journal, 7: 4, 12-29. Meage r, N., Bates, P., Dench, S. and Williams, M. (1998). Employment of Disabled People: Assessing the Extent of Participation, London: Department for Education and Employment. Nicholson, N. (1976). `Management sanctions and absence control’. Human Relations, 29: 2, 139-151. Rhodes, S. and Steers, R. (1990). Managing Employee Absenteeism, Michigan: Addison-Wesley. Semmence, A. (1994). `The politics of occupational medicine’. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 80: 11 (November 1987), 668-673. Smulders, P. and Nijhuis, F. (1999). `The job demands-job control model and absence behaviour: results of a three-year longitudinal study’ Stafford, B. (2000). `Long-term illness and impairment: who needs help with job retention?’ in Job Retention in the Context of Long-Term Sickness Storey, J. (1992). Developments in the Management of Human Resources, Oxford: Blackwell. Trades Union Congress (2000). `Getting better at getting back: TUC consultation document on rehabilitation’ Whitston, C. and Edwards, P. (1990). `Managing Absence in an NHS Hospital’. Industrial Relations Journal, 21: 4, 287-297.

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