2d Iir Beam Filter

References: [1] S. Ries and T. Kaiser, “Towards beamforming for UWB signals,” in Proc. EUSIPCO, 2004, pp. 829–832. [2] UWB Communication Systems—A Comprehensive Overview, M.-G. D. Benedetto, T. Kaiser, A. F. Molisch, I. Oppermann, C. Politano, and D. P. , Eds. New York: Hindawi, 2006. [3] L. Liang and S. V. Hum, “Experimental characterization of UWB beamformers based on multidimensional beam filters,” IEEE Trans. Ant. Propag., vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 304–309, Jan. 2011. [4] S. V. Hum, A. Madanayake, and L. T. Bruton, “UWB beamforming using 2D beam digital filters,” IEEE Trans. Ant. Propag. (TAP), vol. 57, no. 3, pp. 804–807, Mar. 2009. [5] T. Gunaratne and L. Bruton, “Adaptive complex-coefficient 2D FIR trapezoidal filters for broadband beamforming in cognitive radio systems,” Circuits, Syst., Signal Process., vol. 30, pp. 587–608, 2011. [6] K. Hamdi, W. Zhang, and K. Ben Letaief, “Joint beamforming and scheduling in cognitive radio networks,” in Proc. IEEE Global Telecommun. Conf. (GLOBECOM), 2007, pp. 2977–2981. [7] G. Zheng, S. Ma, K. kit Wong, and T.-S. Ng, “Robust beamforming in cognitive radio,” IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun., vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 570–576, Feb. 2010. [8] K. Cumanan, L. Musavian, S. Lambotharan, and A. Gershman, “SINR balancing technique for downlink beamforming in cognitive radio networks,” IEEE Signal Process. Lett., vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 133–136, Feb. 2010. [9] Y. Zhao, R. Adve, and T. Lim, “Beamforming with limited feedback in amplify-and-forward cooperative networks,” IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun., vol. 7, no. 12, pp. 5145–5149, Dec. 2008. [10] Y. Zhang, X. Li, and M. Amin, “Distributed beamforming in multiuser cooperative wireless networks,” in Proc. 4th Int. Conf. Commun. Network. China (ChinaCOM), 2009, pp. 1–5. [11] B. Jeffs, K. Warnick, J. Landon, J. Waldron, D. Jones, J. Fisher, and R. Norrod, “Signal processing for phased array feeds in radio astronomical telescopes,” IEEE J. Sel. Topics in Signal Process., vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 635–646, Oct. 2008. [12] M. Elmer and B. D. Jeffs, “Beamformer design for radio astronomical phased array feeds,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Acoust. Speech Signal Process. (ICASSP) Conf., 2010, pp. 2790–2793. [13] K. F. Warnick, B. D. Jeffs, J. Landon, J. Waldron, D. Jones, J. R. Fisher, and R. Norrod, “Beamforming and imaging with the BYU/ NRAO L-band 19-element phased array feed,” in Proc. 13th Int. Symp. Ant. Technol. Appl. Electromagn. Canadian Radio Sci. Meet. (ANTEM/ URSI), 2009, pp. 1–4. [14] A. Madanayake, “Real-time FPGA architectures for frequency-planar MDSP,” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Elect. Comput. Eng., Univ. Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, 2008. [15] Z. N. C. Huseyin Arslan and M.-G. D. Benedetto, Ultra Wideband Wireless Communication. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Interscience, 2006. [16] T. H. Khine, K. Fakuwa, and H. Suzuki, “Systolic OMF-RAKE: Linear interference canceller-utilizing systolic array for mobile communications,” IEICE Trans. Commun., vol. E88-B, no. 5, pp. 2128–2135, May 2005. [17] E. M. Staderini, “UWB radars in medicine,” IEEE Aerosp. Electron. Syst. Mag., vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 13–18, 2002. [18] A. V. Ardenne, “Concepts of the square kilometre array; Toward the new generation radio telescopes,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Ant. Propag., 2000, pp. 158–161. [19] S. W. Ellingson, “A DSP engine for a 64-element array,” in Proc. Perspectives for Radio Astronomy—Technol. for Large Ant. Arrays, 1999, pp. 235–242. [20] M. C. VanBeurden, A. B. Smolders, and M. E. J. Jeuken, “Design of wideband phased antenna arrays,” in Proc. Perspectives for Radio Astronomy—Technol. for Large Ant. Arrays, 1999, pp. 347–352. This article has been accepted for inclusion in a future issue of this journal. Content is final as presented, with the exception of pagination. 14 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION (VLSI) SYSTEMS [21] A. Faulkner, P. Alexander, A. Van-Ardenne, R. Bolton, J. Bregman, A. V. Es, M. Jones, D. Kant, S. Montebugnoli, P. Picard, S. Rawlings, S. Torchinsky, J. G. B. D. Vaate, and P. Winlinson, “The aperture arrays for the SKA: The SKADS white paper,” SKA Memo 122, 2010. [Online]. Available: http://www.skatelescope.org [22] K. Gold, R. Silva, R. Worrel, and A. Brown, “Space navigation with digital beam steering GPS receiver technology,” presented at the 59th Annu. Meet. ION, Alberquerque, NM, 2003. [23] R. Silva, R. Worrel, and A. Brown, “Reprogrammable, digital beam steering GPS receiver technology for enhanced space vehicle operations,” presented at the Core Technologies for Space Syst. Conf., Colorado Springs, CO, 2002. [24] R. M. Joshi, A. Madanayake, and L. T. Bruton, “A 2D IIR spatially-bandpass antenna beamformer on a 65 nm Achronix SPD60 asynchronous FPGA,” presented at the 54th IEEE Int. Midw. Symp. Circuits Syst. (MWSCAS), Seoul, Korea, 2011. [25] A. Madanayake and L. T. Bruton, “A speed-optimized systolic array processor architecture for spatio-temporal 2-D IIR broadband beam filters,” IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, Reg. Papers, vol. 55, no. 7, pp. 1953–1966, Aug. 2008. [26] A. Madanayake and L. T. Bruton, “A systolic-array architecture for first-order 3D IIR frequency-planar filters,” IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, Reg. Papers, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 1546–1559, Jul. 2008. [27] A. Madanayake and L. Bruton, “A review of 2D/3D IIR plane-wave real-time digital filter circuits,” in Proc. IEEE Canadian Conf. Elect. Comput. Eng. (CCECE), 2005, pp. 1935–1941. [28] L. Liang and S. Hum, “Experimental verification of an adaptive UWB beamformer based on multidimensional filtering in a real radio channel,” in Proc. IEEE Ant. Propag. Soc. Int. Symp. (APSURSI), 2010, pp. 1–4. [29] T. K. Gunaratne and L. T. Bruton, “Beamforming of broad-band bandpass plane waves using polyphase 2-D FIR trapezoidal filters,” IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I, Reg. Papers, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 838–850, Mar. 2008. [30] D. H. Johnson and D. E. Dudgeon, Array Signal Processing: Concepts and Techniques. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1992. [31] B. D. V. Veen and K. M. Buckley, “Beamforming: A versatile approach to spatial filtering,” IEEE ASSP Mag., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 4–24, Apr. 1988. [32] T. K. Gunaratne and L. T. Bruton, “Tracking broadband plane waves using 2D adaptive FIR fan filters,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Circuits Syst. (ISCAS), 2006, pp. 4923–4926. [33] Q. Gu and M. N. S. Swamy, “On the design of a broad class of 2-D recursive digital filters with fan, diamond and elliptically-symmetric responses,” IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II, Exp. Briefs, vol. 41, no. 9, pp. 603–614, Sep. 1994. [34] L. Khademi and L. T. Bruton, “Reducing the computational complexity of narrowband 2D fan filters using shaped 2D window functions,” in Proc. Int. Symp. Circuits Syst. (ISCAS), 2003, pp. 702–705. [35] S. Y. Kung, VLSI Array Processors. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: PrenticeHall, 1988. [36] E. S. E. K. Bromley and S. Y. Kung, “Systolic Arrays,” presented at the 2nd Int. Conf., Los Alamitos, CA, 1988. [37] N. Rama Murthy and M. N. S. Swamy, “On the real-time computation of DFT and DCT through systolic architectures,” IEEE Trans. Signal Process., vol. 42, no. 4, pp. 988–991, 1994. [38] K. K. Parhi and D. G. Messerschmitt, “Concurrent architectures for two-dimensional recursive digital filtering,” IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst., vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 813–829, Jun. 1989. [39] A. Madanayake and L. T. Bruton, “A real-time systolic array processor implementation of two-dimensional IIR filters for radio-frequency smart antenna applications,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Circuits Syst. (ISCAS), 2008, pp. 1252–1255. [40] J. Teifel and R. Manohar, “An asynchronous dataflow FPGA architecture,” IEEE Trans. Comput., vol. 53, no. 11, pp. 1376–1392, Nov. 2004. [41] S. Y. Kung, S. C. Lo, S. N. Jean, and J. N. Hwang, “Wavefront array processors-concept to implementation,” Computer, vol. 20, pp. 18–33, May 1987. [42] S.-Y. Kung, K. Arun, R. Gal-Ezer, and D. Bhaskar Rao, “Wavefront array processor: Language, architecture, and applications,” IEEE Trans. Comput., vol. C-31, no. 11, pp. 1054–1066, Nov. 1982. [43] S. Y. Kung, “VLSI array processors: Designs and applications,” in Proc. IEEE Int. Symp. Circuits Syst. (ISCAS), 1989, pp. 313–320. [44] Achronix Semiconductor Corporation, Santa Clara, CA, “Achronix Semiconductor Corporation website,” 2011. [Online]. Available: http://www.achronix.com [45] S. Ramaswamy, L. Rockett, D. Patel, S. Danziger, R. Manohar, C. W. Kelly, J. L. Holt, V. Ekanayake, and D. Elftmann, “A radiation hardened reconfigurable FPGA,” in Proc. IEEE Aerosp. Conf., 2009, pp. 1–10. [46] T. K. Gunaratne, “Beamforming of temporally broadband bandpass plane waves using 2D FIR trapezoidal filters,” M.Sc. thesis, Dept. Elect. Comput. Eng., Univ. Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, 2006. [47] D. E. Dudgeon and R. M. Mersereau, Multidimensional Digital Signal Processing. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1984. [48] J. G. Proakis and D. G. Manolakis, Digital Signal Processing—Principles, Algorithms, and Applications, 3rd ed. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1995. [49] A. Madanayake, S. V. Hum, and L. T. Bruton, “A systolic array 2D IIR broadband RF beamformer,” IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II, Expr. Briefs, vol. 55, no. 12, pp. 1244–1248, Dec. 2008. [50] L. T. Bruton and N. R. Bartley, “Three-dimensional image processing using the concept of network resonance,” IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst., vol. 32, pp. 664–672, Jul. 1985. [51] P. Agathoklis and L. T. Bruton, “Practical-BIBO stability of N-dimensional discrete systems,” Proc. IEE, vol. 130, no. 6, pt. G, pp. 236–242, Dec. 1983. [52] D. Dudgeon, “Fundamentals of digital array processing,” Proc. IEEE, vol. 65, no. 6, pp. 898–904, Jun. 1977. [53] M. Ghavami, L. B. Michael, and R. Kohno, Ultra Wideband Signals and Systems in Communication Engineering. West Sussex, U.K.: Wiley, 2004. [54] R. Armstrong, J. Hickish, K. Adami, and M. E. Jones, “A digital broadband beamforming architecture for 2-PAD,” in Proc. Widefield Sci. Technol. for the SKA, SKADS Conf., 2009, pp. 284–288. [55] K. K. Parhi, VLSI Digital Signal Processing Systems: Design and Implementation. New York: Wiley, 1999. [56] A. Madanayake, S. V. Hum, and L. T. Bruton, “Effects of quantization in systolic 2D IIR beam filters on UWB wireless communications,” Circuits, Syst., Signal Process., pp. 1–16, Jun. 2011. [57] M. Tull, G. Wang, and M. Ozaydin, “High-speed complex number multiplier and inner-product processor,” in Proc. 45th Midw. Symp. Circuits Syst. (MWSCAS), 2002, pp. 640–643. [58] “Achronix CAD Environment User Guide,” ver. 2.3.0, Oct. 2009. [59] C. D. Thompson, “A complexity theory for VLSI,” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. Comput. Sci., Carnegie-Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA, 1980. Rimesh M. Joshi (S’10) received the B.E. degree in electronics and communication engineering from Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal, in 2008, and the M.S. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Akron, Akron, OH, in 2011. Arjuna Madanayake (M’03) received the B.Sc. degree in electronic and telecommunication engineering from the University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, in 2002, and the M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada, in 2004 and 2008, respectively. He is a Tenure-track Assistant Professor with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH. Jithra Adikari (M’07) received B.Sc. degree in electronic and telecommunication engineering from the University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa, Sri Lanka, in 2002, the M.Sc. degree in information technology from the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), Stockholm, Sweden, in 2005, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical and computer engineering from the University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada, in 2010. He is with Elliptic Technologies, Canada. He was with the University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada. Len T. Bruton (F’81) is Professor Emeritus with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. Prof. Bruton was a recipient of many awards including the 2002 IEEE Circuits and Systems Education Award, the 1994 IEEE Outstanding Engineering Award, and the 1991 Manning Principal Award. In 1994, he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Canada. He has been featured in the 1997 Great Canadian Scientists by Barry Shell.