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Sustaining Aquatic Biodiversity: Notes

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Sustaining Aquatic Biodiversity: Notes
Chapter 12 Sustaining Aquatic Biodiversity Notes

Key Terms (Terms are listed in the same font style as they appear in the text.)
Asian carp (p. 266)
Asian swamp eel (p. 252) baleen whales (p. 257) bycatch (p.253) cetaceans (p. 257) comanagement (p. 262) commercial extinction (p. 253) exclusive economic zones (p. 259) high seas (p. 259) integrated coastal management (p. 260) large marine systems (p. 262) marine protected areas (p. 259) marine reserves (p. 259) maximum sustained yield (MSY) (p.261) mitigation banking (p. 263) multispecies management (p. 262) optimum sustained yield (OSY) (p. 262) precautionary principle (p. 262) purple loosestrife (p. 252) quagga mussel (p. 266) reconciliation ecology (p. 256) recreational rivers (p. 268) research frontier (p. 250) scenic rivers (p. 268) sea lampreys (p. 266) toothed whales (p. 257) wild rivers (p. 268) zebra mussel (p. 266)
Outline
Aquatic Biodiversity We know very little about the earth’s aquatic biodiversity because there has been so little exploration of the water on this ‘water planet.’
A. Three patterns of marine biodiversity are:
1. The greatest marine biodiversity occurs in coral reefs, estuaries, and on the deep-sea ocean floor.
2. Biodiversity is higher near the coasts because of great variety of producers, habitats and nursery areas.
3. Biodiversity is higher in the bottom region than in the surface region of the ocean because of the greater variety of habitats and food sources.
4. Scientific investigation of poorly understood marine and freshwater aquatic systems is a research frontier.
B. Marine systems provide a variety of ecological and economic services. Conservative estimates value their ecological services at $21 trillion per year with at least 3.5 billion people—more than half of the world’s human population, dependent on seas for their primary source of food.
1. Antibiotic and anticancer chemicals have also been extracted from a variety of algae, sea
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